B1W1: Anatomy Nomenclature

Question 1

Anatomical position

Answer 1

standing erect, palms forward

Question 2

Midsagittal (Median) plane

Answer 2

divides body into equal left/right parts

Question 3

Sagittal plane

Answer 3

divides body into unequal left/right parts

Question 4

Coronal (frontal) plane

Answer 4

Divides body into front (anterior) and back (posterior) regions

Question 5

Transverse (horizontal) plane

Answer 5

Divides body into top and bottom regions

Question 6

Superficial

Answer 6

nearer to surface of the body

Question 7

intermediate

Answer 7

between a deep and superficial structure

Question 8

deep

Answer 8

farther from the surface of the body

Question 9

medial

Answer 9

near to the median plane

Question 10

lateral

Answer 10

further from the median plane

Question 11

posterior (dorsal)

Answer 11

nearer to the back

Question 12

anterior (ventral)

Answer 12

nearer to the front

Question 13

inferior (caudal)

Answer 13

nearer to the feet

Question 14

superior (cranial)

Answer 14

nearer to the head

Question 15

palmar

Answer 15

hands anterior (palms up)

Question 16

dorsal (for hands)

Answer 16

Hands posterior (dorsum, back of hand up)

Question 17

Plantar

Answer 17

sole surface of the foot

Question 18

dorsal (for feet)

Answer 18

back surface of the foot

Question 19

prone

Answer 19

Anterior surface down (i.e. laying on stomach)

Question 20

supine

Answer 20

Anterior surface up (i.e. laying on your back)

Question 21

extrinsic

Answer 21

Something (like a muscle) that originates outside of a part (i.e. extrinsic hand muscles are in the arm)

Question 22

intrinsic

Answer 22

Something (like a muscle) that is located entirely within a part (i.e. intrinsic hand muscles are in the hand)

Question 23

valgus

Answer 23

angulation of a body segment away from the midline

Question 24

Varus

Answer 24

angulation of a body segment towards the midline

Question 25

Bilateral

Answer 25

on both sides

Question 26

unilateral

Answer 26

on one side

Question 27

ipsilateral

Answer 27

on the same side

Question 28

contralateral

Answer 28

on opposite sides

Question 29

abduction

Answer 29

Movement away from the median plane (moving left arm left) i.e. moving fingers away from third finger (use middle finger as reference)

Question 30

Adduction

Answer 30

Movement toward the median plane (moving left arm towards body)

Question 31

Medial rotation

Answer 31

Movement of anterior surface toward the median

Question 32

Lateral rotation

Answer 32

Movement of anterior surface away from the median

Question 33

elevation

Answer 33

Raises a structure superiorly | shoulder shrug

Question 34

Depression

Answer 34

Lowers or moves a structure inferiorly | lowering eye down

Question 35

Protraction

Answer 35

Moves a structure anteriorly (sticking out tongue)

Question 36

Retraction

Answer 36

Moving structure toward the median (withdrawing tongue into oral cavity)

Question 37

Circumduction

Answer 37

Flexion/extension with abduction/adduction

Question 38

Pronation

Answer 38

Rotation of forearm | Medial rotation so palm faces posteriorly

Question 39

Supination

Answer 39

Rotation of forearm | Lateral rotation so palm faces anteriorly

Question 40

Inversion

Answer 40

Rotation of the foot | Rotates the plantar surface inward

Question 41

Eversion

Answer 41

Rotation of the foot | Rotates the plantar surface laterally

Question 42

Plantar flexion

Answer 42

Movement of ankle joint | Downward flexion of the foot at the ankle joint

Question 43

Dorsiflexion

Answer 43

``` Movement of the ankle joint Upward flexion (extension) of the foot at the ankle joint ```

Question 44

Protrusion

Answer 44

Only with temporomandibular and scapulothoracic joints Anterior movement of the mandible/scapula

Question 45

Retrusion

Answer 45

Only with temporomandibular and scapulothoracic joints Posterior movement of the mandible/scapula

Question 46

Radial deviation

Answer 46

Movement of hand at the wrist joint | Abduction of the hand at the wrist joint

Question 47

Ulnar deviation

Answer 47

Movement of the hand at the wrist joint | Adduction of the hand at the wrist joint

Question 48

Opposition/reposition of the thumb

Answer 48

Refers to rotation about a complex axis (carpometacaral joint) Opposition=bringing little finger and thumb together Reposition=moving everything back

Question 49

Flexion

Answer 49

Decreasing the angle between body part and joint (i.e. moving forearm inwards; bring whole arm up; bringing whole leg up and bending knee) Occurs in sagittal plane

Question 50

Extension

Answer 50

Increases the angle between body part and joint (i.e. straightening leg at knee joint; bringing leg backwards or arm backwards); opposite of flexion Occurs in sagittal plane

Question 51

Abduction/Adduction with fingers

Answer 51

Abduction: move fingers away from middle finger Adduction: move fingers towards middle finger

Question 52

Abduction/Adduction with thumb

Answer 52

Abduction: thumb moves anteriorly Adduction: thumb moves back toward plane of digits

Question 53

Ligament:

Answer 53

a band or sheet of fibrous connection tissue connecting two or more bones or structures

Question 54

Tendon

Answer 54

non-contractile band of connective tissue that connects contractile portion of muscle with its bony attachment

Question 55

Deep fascia

Answer 55

Dense, organized connective tissue layer, devoid of fat that covers most of the body deep to the skin and superficial fascia

Question 56

Origins

Answer 56

Proximal attachment point of a muscle

Question 57

Insertion

Answer 57

distal attachment point of a muscle