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Anatomy > B1W1: Anatomy Nomenclature > Flashcards

B1W1: Anatomy Nomenclature Flashcards

1
Q

Anatomical position

A

standing erect, palms forward

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2
Q

Midsagittal (Median) plane

A

divides body into equal left/right parts

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3
Q

Sagittal plane

A

divides body into unequal left/right parts

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4
Q

Coronal (frontal) plane

A

Divides body into front (anterior) and back (posterior) regions

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5
Q

Transverse (horizontal) plane

A

Divides body into top and bottom regions

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6
Q

Superficial

A

nearer to surface of the body

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7
Q

intermediate

A

between a deep and superficial structure

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8
Q

deep

A

farther from the surface of the body

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9
Q

medial

A

near to the median plane

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10
Q

lateral

A

further from the median plane

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11
Q

posterior (dorsal)

A

nearer to the back

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12
Q

anterior (ventral)

A

nearer to the front

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13
Q

inferior (caudal)

A

nearer to the feet

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14
Q

superior (cranial)

A

nearer to the head

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15
Q

palmar

A

hands anterior (palms up)

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16
Q

dorsal (for hands)

A

Hands posterior (dorsum, back of hand up)

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17
Q

Plantar

A

sole surface of the foot

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18
Q

dorsal (for feet)

A

back surface of the foot

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19
Q

prone

A

Anterior surface down (i.e. laying on stomach)

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20
Q

supine

A

Anterior surface up (i.e. laying on your back)

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21
Q

extrinsic

A

Something (like a muscle) that originates outside of a part (i.e. extrinsic hand muscles are in the arm)

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22
Q

intrinsic

A

Something (like a muscle) that is located entirely within a part (i.e. intrinsic hand muscles are in the hand)

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23
Q

valgus

A

angulation of a body segment away from the midline

24
Q

Varus

A

angulation of a body segment towards the midline

25
Q

Bilateral

A

on both sides

26
Q

unilateral

A

on one side

27
Q

ipsilateral

A

on the same side

28
Q

contralateral

A

on opposite sides

29
Q

abduction

A

Movement away from the median plane (moving left arm left)

i.e. moving fingers away from third finger (use middle finger as reference)

30
Q

Adduction

A

Movement toward the median plane (moving left arm towards body)

31
Q

Medial rotation

A

Movement of anterior surface toward the median

32
Q

Lateral rotation

A

Movement of anterior surface away from the median

33
Q

elevation

A

Raises a structure superiorly

shoulder shrug

34
Q

Depression

A

Lowers or moves a structure inferiorly

lowering eye down

35
Q

Protraction

A

Moves a structure anteriorly (sticking out tongue)

36
Q

Retraction

A

Moving structure toward the median (withdrawing tongue into oral cavity)

37
Q

Circumduction

A

Flexion/extension with abduction/adduction

38
Q

Pronation

A

Rotation of forearm

Medial rotation so palm faces posteriorly

39
Q

Supination

A

Rotation of forearm

Lateral rotation so palm faces anteriorly

40
Q

Inversion

A

Rotation of the foot

Rotates the plantar surface inward

41
Q

Eversion

A

Rotation of the foot

Rotates the plantar surface laterally

42
Q

Plantar flexion

A

Movement of ankle joint

Downward flexion of the foot at the ankle joint

43
Q

Dorsiflexion

A 
Movement of the ankle joint
Upward flexion (extension) of the foot at the ankle joint
44
Q

Protrusion

A

Only with temporomandibular and scapulothoracic joints

Anterior movement of the mandible/scapula

45
Q

Retrusion

A

Only with temporomandibular and scapulothoracic joints

Posterior movement of the mandible/scapula

46
Q

Radial deviation

A

Movement of hand at the wrist joint

Abduction of the hand at the wrist joint

47
Q

Ulnar deviation

A

Movement of the hand at the wrist joint

Adduction of the hand at the wrist joint

48
Q

Opposition/reposition of the thumb

A

Refers to rotation about a complex axis (carpometacaral joint)

Opposition=bringing little finger and thumb together
Reposition=moving everything back

49
Q

Flexion

A

Decreasing the angle between body part and joint (i.e. moving forearm inwards; bring whole arm up; bringing whole leg up and bending knee)

Occurs in sagittal plane

50
Q

Extension

A

Increases the angle between body part and joint (i.e. straightening leg at knee joint; bringing leg backwards or arm backwards); opposite of flexion

Occurs in sagittal plane

51
Q

Abduction/Adduction with fingers

A

Abduction: move fingers away from middle finger
Adduction: move fingers towards middle finger

52
Q

Abduction/Adduction with thumb

A

Abduction: thumb moves anteriorly
Adduction: thumb moves back toward plane of digits

53
Q

Ligament:

A

a band or sheet of fibrous connection tissue connecting two or more bones or structures

54
Q

Tendon

A

non-contractile band of connective tissue that connects contractile portion of muscle with its bony attachment

55
Q

Deep fascia

A

Dense, organized connective tissue layer, devoid of fat that covers most of the body deep to the skin and superficial fascia

56
Q

Origins

A

Proximal attachment point of a muscle

57
Q

Insertion

A

distal attachment point of a muscle

Anatomy (8 decks)

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