B15: Genetics and evolution Flashcards

1
Q

what is evolution

A

change in the inherited characteristics of a population over time through natural selection, which may result in a new species

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2
Q

who first proposed the theory of evolution by natural selection

A

Charles Darwin

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3
Q

what is the theory of evolution by natural selection

A

all species of living things evolved from a common ancestor that developed billions of years ago

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4
Q

describe Lamarck’s idea of inheritance

A

organisms change over their lifetime and these characteristics can be inherited

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5
Q

why was the theory of evolution by natural selection controversial

A
  • challenged the idea that God made all of earth’s animals and plants
  • insufficient evidence at the time
  • genes, inheritance, and variation were not understood
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6
Q

what is speciation

A

gradual formation of a new species as a result of evolution

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7
Q

what evidence supports the theory of evolution

A
  • parents pass on their characteristics to offspring in genes
  • fossil record evidence
  • evolution of antibiotic resistance
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8
Q

what did mendel discover through breeding experiments on plants

A

inheritance of characteristics is determined by units (genes) passed on unchanged offspring

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9
Q

what are fossils

A

remains of organisms from millions of years ago, found in rocks

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10
Q

how might fossils be formed

A
  • parts of an organism do not decay because the conditions needed for decay are absent
  • traces of organisms are preserved
  • parts of an organism are replaced by minerals
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11
Q

what are the benefits of the fossil record

A

can learn how species changed and life developed on earth, and can track track the movement of species around the world

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12
Q

what are the problems with the fossil record

A
  • many early organism were soft-bodied so left few fossils
  • gaps in the fossil record as not all fossils have been found and some have been destroyed
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13
Q

what is extinction

A

no individuals of a species are still alive

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14
Q

what is the binomial system

A

naming of organisms by their genus and species

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15
Q

what classification system did Carl Woese introduce

A

three-domain system of Archea, Bacteria, and Eukaryota

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16
Q

why can bacteria evolve rapidly

A

they reproduce at a fast rate

17
Q

How do antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria develop

A

mutations that allow the strain to survive and reproduce