B1.4 Flashcards
What do plants compete for?
in the stem and leaves they compete for light and space
in the roots they compete for water and nutrients
What do animals compete for?
Food
Mates for reproduction
Territory (space for feeding, reproduction and rearing young)
Name some examples of how plants or animals have special features that deter predators
Some animals advertise that they are poisonous with very bright colours
Some plants have big thorns, others can be poisonous
What do all organisms have that help them survive the conditions of the environment they normally live in?
Adaptations
State how the polar bear has adapted to live in the conditions of the Arctic.
Small ears (reduced surface area)-less heat loss to air
White colour for camouflage against the snow
Thick fur and fat below the skin to insulate (reduce the rate of heat loss)
Large feet for better grip on ice and stop bear sinking into the snow
State how camels have adapted to live in the conditions of the desert.
Have a hump this is a food store;fat also releases water as a result of respiration
Can drink large quantities of water at a time
Have thick coat at the top of the body that insulates against the heat from the sun
Name some extreme environments that have extreme conditions.
- high levels of salt (e.g saltmarsh)
- high temperatures (e.g volcanic hot springs)
- high pressures (e.g the deep ocean)
What are extremophiles?
Extremophiles are organisms that have adapted so they can tolerate very extreme environments. Many extremophiles are microorganisms.
Name some living, environmental factors.
- Prey
- Competitor
- Predator
Name some non-living, environmental factors.
- Light
- Average temperature
- Average Rainfall
- Oxygen levels in water
- Pollution
Name some species that can be used as indicators and what they do.
Lichens indicate lots/no air pollution (high sulfur dioxide concentration in air/no sulfur dioxide in air)
Bloodworms indicate highly polluted water
Mayfly larvae indicate unpolluted water
