B1.3

Question 1

Name the 1st stage of drug testing.

Answer 1

1. In the laboratory- drugs are tested on: cultures of cells, cultures of tissues, animals. These models help predict how the drugs behave in the human body.

Question 2

Name the second stage of drug testing.

Answer 2

2. Clinical trials : stage 1

A healthy volunteer is given a very small dose of the drug to check that the drug is not toxic (harmful)

Question 3

Name the third stage of drug testing.

Answer 3

3. Clinical trials: stage 2
   A patient with the disease that the new drug is developed for is given different doses of the drug to test the efficiency and to find the optimum dose (the dose that works the best)

Question 4

What is a placebo?

Answer 4

A placebo is something that looks like a drug, that in some trials patients are given.

Question 5

Why are placebos used?

Answer 5

Results from patients who took the placebo are compared with results from patients who had the drug. Any difference suggests how well the drug works.

Question 6

Name what happened regarding the thalidomide drug.

Answer 6

It was developed as a sleeping pill-also used to control morning sickness in pregnant women-caused severe limb abnormalities in babies born to many of the women who took the drug-thalidomide was then banned.

Question 7

Why was the outcome of thalidomide unexpected?

Answer 7

Because it wasn’t tested on pregnant women

Question 8

What is thalidomide now used for?

Answer 8

To treat diseases such as leprosy

Question 9

What is a recreational drug?

Answer 9

A recreational drug is a drug that people use for its effect rather than for medical purposes.

Question 10

Name some legal recreational drugs.

Answer 10

• Alcohol

* Nicotine (in tobacco)

Question 11

Name some illegal recreational drugs?

Answer 11

• Ecstasy
• cannabis
• heroin

Question 12

What can smoking tobacco and bringing alcohol do to your body?

Answer 12

Can lead to many health problems eg: lung cancer (smoking) liver damage/problems (drinking alcohol)

Question 13

What can taking illegal recreational drug do to your body?

Answer 13

Can harm the heart and circulatory system

Question 14

What does being addicted to a drug mean?

Answer 14

Being addicted to a drugs means they change chemical processes in the body, and make the person dependant on taking the drug.

Question 15

What happens to a person that is addicted to a drug and they stop taking it?

Answer 15

They suffer distressing withdrawal symptoms

Question 16

Why is there many more people in hospital for the use of legal drugs than illegal drugs?

Answer 16

Because there are more people who smoke or misuse alcohol than people take illegal drugs

Question 17

What is a stimulants?

Answer 17

Stimulants increase the rate of body functions, such as heart rate

Question 18

What are anabolic steroids?

Answer 18

Anabolic steroids stimulate muscle growth

Question 19

How does stimulants increase you performance in sport?

Answer 19

A faster heart rate delivers oxygen and sugars to muscles more quickly, so they can release more energy more quickly

Question 20

How do anabolic steroids help someone’s performance in sport?

Answer 20

Bigger muscles can help move bigger weights and generate more power e.g in weightlifting

Question 21

What is the use of drugs to improve performance in sports competitions considered as?

Answer 21

Unethical

Question 22

Why is the use of performance enhancing drugs considered unethical?

Answer 22

• side effects of the drug can harm athletes

* the drugs may give an unfair advantage over athletes who don’t use them

Question 23

What are drugs?

Answer 23

Drugs are chemicals that affect how the body works