B1.1 Flashcards
What happens to a person who doesn’t eat a balanced diet?
Become malnourished
What is one of the possible affects of being malnourished?
- being very overweight
- deficiency disease caused by too little of a nutrient
- conditions such as type 2 diabetes
What is metabolic rate?
The rate at which all the chemical reactions are carried out in the body
Name a factor that can affect someone’s metabolic rate.
- how much muscle you have
- how much exercise you do
- some inherited factors (factors in you genes)
Why does a man usually have a higher metabolic rate than a woman who is the same mass?
Because muscle cells use lots more energy than other cells
What happens to the body if you have more energy expended in exercise than gained in food?
You lose body mass
Name a benefit of exercise and what that leads to.
Leads to better Wight control, making you have better health
What are microorganisms called that cause disease?
Pathogens
What does bacteria release?
Toxins (poisons)
What is different about viruses than bacteria?
Viruses take over the body cell’s DNA, causing the cells to make toxins or causing damage.
What did Ignaz Semmelweis wonder which started his investigation into bacteria?
He wondered why many women died after childbirth
What did Ignaz Semmelweis insist some doctors to do to prove his point?
He made doctors wash their hands before examine a patient because he believed the doctors might transfer infection between patients.
What is unique about the antibodies produced by a white blood cell?
They are specific for one particular kind of pathogen.
What does immunisation mean?
To make someone immune to a disease.
What does a vaccine contain?
A small amount of a dead or inactive form of a pathogen.
What does the vaccine cause white blood cells to do?
To make antibodies, in the same way they would if the body was infected by live pathogen.
What does a mutation produce?
A mutation produces a new strain of a pathogen.
Why are mutations a problem?
People who are vaccinated against the old strain of pathogen, are not immune to the new strain. This strain may spread rapidly and cause epidemic or pandemics disease.
What is a symptom?
Is the result of a disease, such as feeling pain or having a high temperature.
What is an antibiotic?
Medicines that kill bacterial pathogens inside the body.
What can mutations cause, regarding antibiotics?
A mutation can produce new antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria.
Name an example of when bacteria has mutated to become antibiotic-resistant.
MRSA
Why are viruses a bigger problem than bacterial infections?
Viruses produce inside the cells of another organism and damage the cells. Antibiotics don’t affect viruses. Drugs that kill viruses may also harm human cells, so viral diseases are hard to treat.
Name the 3 techniques that are used to prevent microorganisms from the air contaminating cultures.
- Sterilising dishes and cultures media (sterilisation kills microorganisms)
- Sterilising inoculating loops
- Sealing Petri dishes.
