B12 (kbdl) - key terms

Question 1

Phenotype

Answer 1

The physical appearance of an individual regarding a particular characteristic

Question 2

Genotype

Answer 2

The genetic makeup of individual regarding a particular characteristic

Question 3

Alleles

Answer 3

Alternative forms of a gene

Question 4

Dominant

Answer 4

Alleles which will always be expressed in the phenotype when it is present. It is shown as a capital letter, for example, B.

Question 5

Recessive

Answer 5

Alleles that can be masked by a dominant one, so they will only be expressed in the phenotype in the absence of a dominant allele. It is shown as a lower case letter, for example, b.

Question 6

Homozygous

Answer 6

Both alleles are the same

Question 7

Heterozygous

Answer 7

The alleles are different

Question 8

Gametes

Answer 8

The sex cells (ova and sperm in animals, ovules and pollen in plants). They only contain one set of chromosomes so can only carry one of the 2 alleles that the parents have in their cells.

Question 9

Offspring

Answer 9

The generation resulting from reproduction