B1.2 Coordination and Control

Question 1

Define ‘receptors’.

Answer 1

A cell that can detect stimuli.

Question 2

Define ‘stimuli’.

Answer 2

Changes in the environment.

Question 3

State what the receptors in the eyes are sensitive to.

Answer 3

Light.

Question 4

Which body part coordinates a response when it receives information?

Answer 4

The brain.

Question 5

What are the tongue and nose sensitive to and what does this allow us to do?

Answer 5

Chemicals.

Taste and smell.

Question 6

What does ‘CNS’ stand for?

Answer 6

Central Nervous System.

Question 7

What does the CNS include?

Answer 7

The brain and spinal cord.

Question 8

why is it important for animals to detect changes in their surroundings

Answer 8

so they can avoid danger

Question 9

light receptor cells contain?

Answer 9

nucleus, cytoplasm & cell membrane

Question 10

what are the 2 main parts of the CNS?

Answer 10

spinal cord and brain

Question 11

what type of cell carries information to and from the CNS

Answer 11

neurone cell

Question 12

how do impulses get across synapses

Answer 12

signal is transferred across the gap by chemicals which are released. Chemicals diffuse across the gap and trigger a new impulse in the neurone on the other side - electrical impulses

Question 13

where are hormones produced

Answer 13

the glands

Question 14

what are the differences between hormones and the nervous system

Answer 14

hormones- slower, don’t target specific areas

CNS- short amount of time, target specific areas

Question 15

where is FSH & LH produced

Answer 15

pituitary glands

Question 16

where is oestrogen produced

Answer 16

ovaries

Question 17

what are two functions of FSH?

Answer 17

causes egg to mature in an ovary

stimulates the ovaries to produce oestrogen

Question 18

what is the function of LH

Answer 18

stimulates release of egg from ovary

Question 19

what effect does oestrogen have on the production of FSH

Answer 19

inhibits the production of FSH

Question 20

how do FSH and LH increase ferility

Answer 20

stimulates egg release in women’s ovaries

Question 21

what does the combined pill contain? what are the advantages?

Answer 21

oestrogen and progesterone
reduces risk of cancer
very effective

Question 22

how does oestrogen reduce fertility

Answer 22

gives high levels of it in the blood. Stops FSH so egg development stops so none are released during the menstrual cycle

Question 23

how has the combined pill changed?

Answer 23

lower levels of oestrogen because it was causing blood clots

Question 24

where are auxins produced on a plant?

Answer 24

tips of the roots and shoots

Question 25

what is homeostasis

Answer 25

the maintenance of a constant internal environment in the body

Question 26

why do humans become ill if our body temperature isn't 37 degrees

Answer 26

enzymes controlling all reactions in the human body don't work as well

Question 27

what part of the body monitors your body temperature?

Answer 27

the brain

Question 28

what causes the blood sugar level to drop

Answer 28

person may have done exercise

Question 29

why does the body's blood sugar levels need to be constantly maintained

Answer 29

provide body's cells with a constant supply of energy

Question 30

why would someone's urine by more concentrated on a hot day?

Answer 30

more swear so more water would be lost through skin and less through urine - ion concentration would be higher

Question 31

name the plant hormone that stimulates growth?

Answer 31

auxin

Question 32

where do auxins grow?

Answer 32

tips of the roots and shoots

Question 33

what do plant shoots grow towards?

Answer 33

light and against gravity

Question 34

what do plant roots grow towards?

Answer 34

moisture and gravity

Question 35

what do auxins control?

Answer 35

phototropism - light | gravitropism - gravity

Question 36

what did scientists do to test if this was real about plant auxins?

Answer 36

they cut of the roots shoots tips and they did not grow towards the light - therefore proving it's auxins

Question 37

what side of the shoot do auxins concentrate on? this means what?

Answer 37

the darker side so the cells on the darker side grow faster causing it to bend towards the light

Question 38

what side to auxins grow on the roots? this means that?

Answer 38

the lower side as auxins inhibits cell growth so the lower side grows more slowly - roots grow towards gravity