Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology B1 > B1.1 Keeping healthy > Flashcards

B1.1 Keeping healthy Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are proteins made from?

A

Amino acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are carbohydrates made from?

A

Simple sugars such as glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are fats made from?

A

Fatty acids and glycerol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Give examples of food which are
Protein
Carbohydrate
Fat

A

Cheese
Bread
Fish

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are carbohydrates used for?

A

A long term energy store

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are simple sugars used for?

A

Quick release of energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are fats used for?

A

A long term energy store

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are proteins used for?

A

Growth and repair of any cells in the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is fibre needed for and what products is it found in?

A

Keeps you regular

Whole grain products and fruit and vegetables

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are vitamin and mineral ions needed for?

A

Keeps your body healthy

Fruits and vegetables

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is water needed for?

A

Gives oxygen to the red blood cells to create energy

Keeps us hydrated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is metabolic rate?

A

The speed in which a chemical reaction takes place

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Out of men and women which gender needs more energy and why?

A

Men, because they are generally bigger and therefore will have a higher metabolic rate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Out of young and old people which will need more energy and why?

A

Young people because they move around more and are growing so use up a lot more energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Why does someone with lots of muscle need more energy?

A

They need the energy to move more

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is cholesterol?

A

A waxy, fatty substance in the blood stream

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is cholesterol used for?

A

Helps the formation of cell membranes and hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

True or false ?

Cholesterol can dissolve in blood

A

False, it can’t

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What can too much ‘bad’ cholesterol do?

A

Can cause heart attacks due to blockage of the arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What contains a high cholesterol?

A

Animal products such as egg and meat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

How do you calculate BMI?

A

Mass (kg) / Height squared (cm)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What do people who are obese suffer from? (4)

A
  • Arthritis
  • High blood pressure
  • Heart disease
  • Type 2 diabetes
23
Q

What can also cause high cholesterol if someone has the same diet as someone else without high cholesterol? (3)

A
  • Genes
  • Different body mass
  • Different metabolic rate
24
Q

What are the benefits of exercising? (2)

A
  • Raises metabolic rate (increasing speed of chemical reactions
  • Lowers blood pressure
25
Q

What is a pathogen?

A

A virus or bacteria

Things that cause disease

26
Q

What do bacteria do?

A

Release toxins and multiply every 20 minutes

27
Q

What does a virus do?

A

Reproduce when inside cells

Take over the cells by making copies of themselves

28
Q

What is TB?
How can you catch it?
What are the symptoms?

A
  • Bacteria
  • Airborne, droplets from person
  • Appetite loss, fatigue, chest pain, coughing up blood, night sweats, prolonged coughs and pallor
29
Q

What is the common cold?

What are the symptoms?

A
  • Virus

- Sore throat, headache, tummy ache, sneezing and coughing

30
Q

What is food poisoning?

What are the symptoms?

A
  • Bacteria in food

- Abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhoea, nausea and fever

31
Q

What is athletes foot?
How can you catch it?
What are the symptoms?

A
  • Fungi
  • Spread by contact
  • Stinging, itching on foot, redness and burning
32
Q

What did Semmleweiss find out?

A

That hands and equipment must be washed to prevent diseases spreading

33
Q

How did Semmleweiss find this out?

A
  • He found out that 3 times more women on the teaching ward died than on the maternity ward from a high fever after child birth
  • He found out that a professor had cut his hand with a knife that he used on all the women that died of a high fever
  • He figured out the link between this and said that all doctors must wash their hands and equipment before each operation
  • This resulted in less deaths
34
Q

Name six natural defences our body has and how it protects us

A
  • Tears and eyelashes (barrier that traps dirt)
    High sat concentration dries up micro-organisms washes out germs
  • Nostril hair
    Traps larger particles in thick layer of mucus sneezing and swallowing gets rid of them
  • Skin
    Barrier stops germs getting into our body
  • Stomach acid
    Breaks down food and destroys cell wall kills micro-organisms that enter
  • Trachea and cilia
    Keeps fresh lining of mucus to trap particles
  • Scabs
    Stops blood escaping and bacteria getting in
    (special cells are called platelets)
35
Q

What is phagocytosis?

A

When white blood cells find and recognise a microbe
The antibody attaches to the pathogen which lets the white blood cell find it and engulf it
It destroys any foreign objects

36
Q

What are lymphocytes?

A

They produce anti-bodies which will join to the antigens

They have a specific shape to attack a specific antigen

37
Q

What is natural immunity?

A

When you catch a disease like measles you don’t catch it again due to the white blood cells already knowing which specific shaped anti-bodies to create to attack the antigen from the last time you had the disease
it is destroyed more quickly

38
Q

Why is breast feeding good for natural immunity?

A

The mother passes on white blood cells with the memory of her past illnesses making the baby immune

39
Q

What is acquired immunity?

A

Injecting someone with a weakened form, an active part, a de-active, half of or less dangerous version of a disease which lets the white blood cells produce anti-bodies to quickly attack the pathogen if it is caught

40
Q

Name some painkillers (4)

A
  • Paracetamol
  • Ibroprofen
  • Neurofen
  • Morphine
41
Q

Name some antibiotics (2)

A
  • Penicillin

- Amoxicillin

42
Q

What do painkillers do?

A

Block the nerve impulses so the pain doesn’t register with brain

43
Q

What do antibiotics do?

Why doesn’t it work on viruses?

A

Kill bacteria but won’t kill your own cells they don’t work on viruses because viruses are imbedded into the cells

44
Q

How can bacteria become resistant to antibiotics?

A

They mutate due to overuse of the antibiotic so they get used to it or under use so they don’t get killed by it

45
Q

What does epidemic mean?

A

Out break in one country

46
Q

What does pandemic mean?

A

Spread across several countries

47
Q

How can we slow down the production of resistant strains of bacteria? (3)

A
  • Use antibiotics only when necessary
  • Complete course of antibiotics
  • Develop new antibiotics (can be costly and time consuming)
48
Q

What does potency mean?

A
  • Strength

It works at a low dose high potency is better

49
Q

What does selectivity mean?

A
  • How safe it is

High selectivity is better

50
Q

What does solubility mean?

A
  • How well it dissolves in water

It has to be very soluble

51
Q

What does bioavailability mean?

A
  • How much gets into the blood stream

More is better

52
Q

Give characteristics of a bacteria cell

3

A

Small cells
Asexual
No nucleus

53
Q

Give characteristics of a virus

A

Protein coat
Tail
Genetic material invades cells so the y burst releasing virus into blood stream

Biology B1 (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions