Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Biology B1 > B1.1 Keeping healthy > Flashcards

B1.1 Keeping healthy Flashcards

1
Q

What are proteins made from?

A

Amino acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are carbohydrates made from?

A

Simple sugars such as glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are fats made from?

A

Fatty acids and glycerol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Give examples of food which are
Protein
Carbohydrate
Fat

A

Cheese
Bread
Fish

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are carbohydrates used for?

A

A long term energy store

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are simple sugars used for?

A

Quick release of energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are fats used for?

A

A long term energy store

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are proteins used for?

A

Growth and repair of any cells in the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is fibre needed for and what products is it found in?

A

Keeps you regular

Whole grain products and fruit and vegetables

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are vitamin and mineral ions needed for?

A

Keeps your body healthy

Fruits and vegetables

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is water needed for?

A

Gives oxygen to the red blood cells to create energy

Keeps us hydrated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is metabolic rate?

A

The speed in which a chemical reaction takes place

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Out of men and women which gender needs more energy and why?

A

Men, because they are generally bigger and therefore will have a higher metabolic rate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Out of young and old people which will need more energy and why?

A

Young people because they move around more and are growing so use up a lot more energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Why does someone with lots of muscle need more energy?

A

They need the energy to move more

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is cholesterol?

A

A waxy, fatty substance in the blood stream

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is cholesterol used for?

A

Helps the formation of cell membranes and hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

True or false ?

Cholesterol can dissolve in blood

A

False, it can’t

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What can too much ‘bad’ cholesterol do?

A

Can cause heart attacks due to blockage of the arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What contains a high cholesterol?

A

Animal products such as egg and meat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

How do you calculate BMI?

A

Mass (kg) / Height squared (cm)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What do people who are obese suffer from? (4)

A
  • Arthritis
  • High blood pressure
  • Heart disease
  • Type 2 diabetes
23
Q

What can also cause high cholesterol if someone has the same diet as someone else without high cholesterol? (3)

A
  • Genes
  • Different body mass
  • Different metabolic rate
24
Q

What are the benefits of exercising? (2)

A
  • Raises metabolic rate (increasing speed of chemical reactions
  • Lowers blood pressure
25
What is a pathogen?
A virus or bacteria | Things that cause disease
26
What do bacteria do?
Release toxins and multiply every 20 minutes
27
What does a virus do?
Reproduce when inside cells | Take over the cells by making copies of themselves
28
What is TB? How can you catch it? What are the symptoms?
- Bacteria - Airborne, droplets from person - Appetite loss, fatigue, chest pain, coughing up blood, night sweats, prolonged coughs and pallor
29
What is the common cold? | What are the symptoms?
- Virus | - Sore throat, headache, tummy ache, sneezing and coughing
30
What is food poisoning? | What are the symptoms?
- Bacteria in food | - Abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhoea, nausea and fever
31
What is athletes foot? How can you catch it? What are the symptoms?
- Fungi - Spread by contact - Stinging, itching on foot, redness and burning
32
What did Semmleweiss find out?
That hands and equipment must be washed to prevent diseases spreading
33
How did Semmleweiss find this out?
- He found out that 3 times more women on the teaching ward died than on the maternity ward from a high fever after child birth - He found out that a professor had cut his hand with a knife that he used on all the women that died of a high fever - He figured out the link between this and said that all doctors must wash their hands and equipment before each operation - This resulted in less deaths
34
Name six natural defences our body has and how it protects us
- Tears and eyelashes (barrier that traps dirt) High sat concentration dries up micro-organisms washes out germs - Nostril hair Traps larger particles in thick layer of mucus sneezing and swallowing gets rid of them - Skin Barrier stops germs getting into our body - Stomach acid Breaks down food and destroys cell wall kills micro-organisms that enter - Trachea and cilia Keeps fresh lining of mucus to trap particles - Scabs Stops blood escaping and bacteria getting in (special cells are called platelets)
35
What is phagocytosis?
When white blood cells find and recognise a microbe The antibody attaches to the pathogen which lets the white blood cell find it and engulf it It destroys any foreign objects
36
What are lymphocytes?
They produce anti-bodies which will join to the antigens | They have a specific shape to attack a specific antigen
37
What is natural immunity?
When you catch a disease like measles you don't catch it again due to the white blood cells already knowing which specific shaped anti-bodies to create to attack the antigen from the last time you had the disease it is destroyed more quickly
38
Why is breast feeding good for natural immunity?
The mother passes on white blood cells with the memory of her past illnesses making the baby immune
39
What is acquired immunity?
Injecting someone with a weakened form, an active part, a de-active, half of or less dangerous version of a disease which lets the white blood cells produce anti-bodies to quickly attack the pathogen if it is caught
40
Name some painkillers (4)
- Paracetamol - Ibroprofen - Neurofen - Morphine
41
Name some antibiotics (2)
- Penicillin | - Amoxicillin
42
What do painkillers do?
Block the nerve impulses so the pain doesn't register with brain
43
What do antibiotics do? | Why doesn't it work on viruses?
Kill bacteria but won't kill your own cells they don't work on viruses because viruses are imbedded into the cells
44
How can bacteria become resistant to antibiotics?
They mutate due to overuse of the antibiotic so they get used to it or under use so they don't get killed by it
45
What does epidemic mean?
Out break in one country
46
What does pandemic mean?
Spread across several countries
47
How can we slow down the production of resistant strains of bacteria? (3)
- Use antibiotics only when necessary - Complete course of antibiotics - Develop new antibiotics (can be costly and time consuming)
48
What does potency mean?
- Strength | It works at a low dose high potency is better
49
What does selectivity mean?
- How safe it is | High selectivity is better
50
What does solubility mean?
- How well it dissolves in water | It has to be very soluble
51
What does bioavailability mean?
- How much gets into the blood stream | More is better
52
Give characteristics of a bacteria cell | 3
Small cells Asexual No nucleus
53
Give characteristics of a virus
Protein coat Tail Genetic material invades cells so the y burst releasing virus into blood stream

Biology B1 (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions