B11 Hormonal Control ( Quick Pure Spec ) Flashcards
What is the endocrine system
The endocrine system is composed of glands which secrete chemicals called hormones directly into the bloodstream. The blood carries the hormone to a target organ where it produces an effect. Compared to the nervous system the effects are slower but act for longer.
What is the pituitary gland
The pituitary gland in the brain is a ‘master gland’ which secretes several hormones into the blood in response to body conditions. These hormones in turn act on other glands to stimulate other hormones to be released to bring about effects.
What the glands in the endocrine system
pituitary gland pancreas thyroid adrenal gland ovary testes.
What does insulin do
If the blood glucose concentration is too high, the pancreas produces the hormone insulin that causes glucose to move from the blood into the cells. In liver and muscle cells excess glucose is converted to glycogen for storage.
What does glucagon do
If the blood glucose concentration is too low, the pancreas produces the hormone glucagon that causes glycogen to be converted into glucose and released into the blood.
What is type 1 diabetes
Type 1 diabetes is a disorder in which the pancreas fails to produce sufficient insulin. It is characterised by uncontrolled high blood glucose levels and is normally treated with insulin injections.
What is type 2 diabetes
In Type 2 diabetes the body cells no longer respond to insulin produced by the pancreas. A carbohydrate controlled diet and an exercise regime are common treatments. Obesity is a risk factor for Type 2 diabetes.
What happens in the female ovary ( SKIP NOT NEEDED )
Oestrogen is the main female reproductive hormone produced in the ovary. At puberty eggs begin to mature and one is released approximately every 28 days. This is called ovulation.
What is the male reproductive hormone ( SKIP NOT NEEDED )
Testosterone is the main male reproductive hormone produced by the testes and it stimulates sperm production.
What are the purposes of hormones in the female reproductive system ( SKIP NOT NEEDED )
Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) ( pituitary gland ) causes maturation of an egg in the ovary
Luteinising hormone (LH) ( pituitary gland ) stimulates the release of the egg.
Oestrogen and progesterone ( made in the ovaries ) are involved in maintaining the uterus lining.
What are the 7 methods of contraception ( SKIP NOT NEEDED )
oral contraceptives that contain hormones to inhibit FSH production so that no eggs mature
injection, implant or skin patch of slow release progesterone to inhibit the maturation and release of eggs for a number of months or years
barrier methods such as condoms and diaphragms which prevent the sperm reaching an egg
intrauterine devices which prevent the implantation of an embryo or release a hormone
spermicidal agents which kill or disable sperm
abstaining from intercourse when an egg may be in the oviduct
surgical methods of male and female sterilisation.
Method of IVF
IVF involves giving a mother FSH and LH to stimulate the maturation of several eggs.
The eggs are collected from the mother and fertilised by sperm from the father in the laboratory.
The fertilised eggs develop into embryos.
At the stage when they are tiny balls of cells, one or two embryos are inserted into the mother’s uterus (womb).
Disadvantages lf fertility treatment
it is very emotionally and physically stressful
the success rates are not high
it can lead to multiple births which are a risk to both the babies and the mother.
FSH ( SKIP NOT NEEDED )
Follicle stimulating hormone
Produced in the pituitary gland
Causes egg to mature in ovaries
Stimulates ovaries to produce oestrogen
Oestrogen ( SKIP NOT NEEDED )
Produced in the ovaries
Causes lining of uterus to grow
Stimulates release of LH
Inhibits FSH
