B1.1: Cell Structures Flashcards
What are the sub-cellular structures of an animal cell?
- Nucleus
- Cytoplasm
- Mitochondria
- Cell Membrane
- Ribosomes
What are the sub-cellular structures of a plant cell?
- mitochondria
- cell membrane
- ribosomes
- cytoplasm
- vacuole
- chloroplasts
- cell wall
What is the function of the nucleus?
Controls cell activity
Contains genetic material
How is the genetic material arranged in the nucleus?
As chromosomes
What is the function of the mitochondria?
Where respiration occurs
What is the function of the cell membrane?
Controls what goes in and out of cells (selective barrier) by receptor molecules
What is the function of the cytoplasm?
Jelly like substance
Where reactions happen
What is the function of ribosomes?
Tiny structures that undergo protein synthesis
What is the function of the chloroplasts?
Contain chlorophyll
What is the function of the vacuole?
Cell sap
keeps cell rigid
keeps plant upright
What is the function of the cell wall
Supports cell
Provides shape
What are the subcellular structures of prokaryotic cells?
- pili
- cytoplasm
- genetic material
- slime capsule
- cell membrane
- cell wall
- plasmids
- flagella
What is the relative size of a prokaryotic cell?
1 micrometre
What is the function of pili?
Hair-like structures
Help to attach to structures
Transfer genetic material between bacteria
What is the function of the slime capsule?
Layer outside of the cell
Prevents poison entering
Prevents drying out
What is the function of plasmids?
Circular piece of DNA
Store extra genes
Function of the flagella
Tail
Helps to move through lipids
What is the formula of calculating total magnification?
Eyepiece lens magnification x objective lens magnification
In light microscopy, what is the methylene blue stain used for?
Aid in viewing nucleus of animal cell
In light microscopy, what is the iodine stain used for?
Aids in seeing plant cell nucleus
In light microscopy, what is the crystal violet stain used for?
Aid in seeing bacteria cell walls
Light microscope features
- cheap
- small
- portable
- simple to prepare
- natural colour
How must the specimens be in light microscopy?
Living or dead
Electron microscope features
- expensive
- large
- difficult to move
- complex preparation
- black and white image produced
How must the specimens be in electron microscopy?
Must be dead
What is the resolution up to in light microscopy?
2 x 10-7 metres
What is the resolution up to in electron microscopy?
1 x 10-10 metres
What monomers is cellulose made from?
Simple sugars
What part of the plant cell gives physical protection against disease?
Cell membrane
