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Gcse Biology > B10(Human Nervous System) > Flashcards

B10(Human Nervous System) Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a stimulus

A

A change in the environment

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2
Q

What’s parts make up the the central nervous system

A

-Brain
-Spinal cord

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3
Q

What’s the function of CNS

A

-Make quick, short term reactions to the environment
-coordinate behaviour

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4
Q

What are receptors

A

Organs containing specialised cells that enable us to detect changes in the environment

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5
Q

What is the impulse pathway for the nervous system

A

Stimulus-> receptor-> neurone-> coordination centre-> neurone-> Effector-> response

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6
Q

What are neurones

A

Specialised cells that conduct electrical impulses through out the body

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7
Q

What are nerves

A

A bundle of many more fibres enclosed within a protective sheath
-nerve fibres are the long axons of neurones together with any associated tissue

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8
Q

What are dendrites

A

Thin projections that extend from the cell body to and connect with each other neurones allowing electrical impulses to pass from one to the other

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9
Q

What is the myelin sheath

A

The axons of most neurones are wrapped in a insulating layer

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10
Q

What does the sensory neurone do

A

Connects receptor to coordination centre

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11
Q

What does the motor neurone do

A

Connects coordination centre to effectors

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12
Q

What does the relay neurone do

A

Creates a shortcut between sensory and motor neurones for our reflexes

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13
Q

What are reflexes

A

Automatic response to stimuli

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14
Q

What is a reflex action

A

It is a rapid and automatic response of the nervous system that does not include conscious thought

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15
Q

What is a reflex arc

A

The nerve pathway followed by a reflex action

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16
Q

What is the reflex pathway

A

-receptor in skin detects a stimulus
-sensory neurone sends electrical impulses to relay neurone located in the spinal cord
-relay neurone connects the sensory neurone to the motor neurone
-motor neurone sends electrical impulses to effector which then produce a response

17
Q

What is the pathway for a synapse

A

Electrical impulse->synaptic vesicle releases neurotransmitter-> diffusion of neurotransmitters-> receptor triggers electrical impulse-> electrical impulse

18
Q

What is a synapse

A

A junction between 2 neurones across which electrical signals pass

19
Q

What is the function of the cerebral cortex

A

Memory and language

20
Q

What is the function of the cerebellum

A

Coordinates muscular activity and balance

21
Q

What is the function of the hypothalamus

A

Regulates temperature

22
Q

What is the function of the medulla

A

Unconscious activities such as controlling the heart rate and breathing rate

23
Q

What is the function of the pituitary gland

A

Endocrine master gland

24
Q

What is the cornea

A

Refracts light to the lens to help focus

25
Q

What is the Iris

A

Muscles contract or retract to control the amount of light entering the eye

26
Q

What is the pupil

A

The hole that allows light into the eye

27
Q

What is the ciliary muscle

A

Contracts or relaxes to change the lens thickness

28
Q

What is the Suspensory ligament

A

Hold the lens in place

29
Q

What is the retina

A

Contains light sensitive cells to send impulses to the optic nerve to the brain

30
Q

What is the sclera

A

Thick and tough for protection

31
Q

What is the optic nerve

A

Transmits impulses to the brain

32
Q

What is accommodation

A

The process of altering the shape of the lens to focus on near or distant objects

33
Q

What happens if there’s too much bright light in the eye

A

-Circular muscles contract
-radial muscles relax
-pupil constricts

34
Q

What happens in dim light in the eye

A

-Circular muscles relax
-radial muscles contract
-pupil dilates

35
Q

What does the eye do to focus on a near object

A

-the ciliary muscles contract
-the suspensory ligaments loosen
-the lens is then thicker and refracts light rays strongly

36
Q

What does the eye do to focus on a distant object

A

-Ciliary muscles relax
-suspensory ligaments are pulled tight
-the lens is then pulled and only slightly refracts light rays

37
Q

What is the scientific term for short sightedness

A

Myopia

38
Q

What is the scientific term for Long sightedness

A

Hyperopia

Gcse Biology (10 decks)

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