B6(Preventing and treating disease) Flashcards
How does vaccination work
Introduces dead forms of a pathogen into your body to stimulate the white blood cells to produce antibodies therefore if the same live pathogen re enters the body the memory B cells respond quickly to produce the antibodies to prevent the infection
What is herd immunity
Reducing the spread of a disease by vaccinating a large proportion of a population which reduces the spread of the pathogen
What do painkillers do
Treat symptoms of disease but do not kill the pathogens that cause it
What do antibiotics do
-Cure bacterial diseases by killing the bacterial pathogens inside your body
-Antibiotics do not destroy viruses because viruses reproduce inside the cells
Who discovered penicillin
Alexander Fleming
How was penicillin discovered
In 1928 Alexander Fleming found a mould growing on a Petri dish of Staphylococcus bacteria. He noticed the mould preventing the bacteria around it from growing. He identified that the mould produced a self-defence chemical that could kill bacteria.
What makes a good medicine
-Effective
-Safe
-stable
-Successfully taken into and removed from your body
What are preclinical trials
New drugs are tested using cells,tissues and live animals
What are clinical trials
-New drugs tested on healthy volunteers and patients
-Low doses are used to test for safety, followed by higher doses to test for optimum dose
What is the order of testing a new drug
1st= Preclinical trials
2nd= clinical trials
What is the placebo effect
What are Monoclonal antibodies
How are monoclonal antibodies produced
What are monoclonal antibodies used for
What is a hybridomas cell
A tumour cell and a B lymphocyte combined
