B1- Staying Healthy

Question 1

What are non infectious diseases and what causes them?

Answer 1

A disease that can’t be caught from another person.

Causes are, poor diet,organ malfunction, genetic inheritance, cell mutation making them cancerous

Question 2

How are cancer tumours formed?

Answer 2

Cells grow out of control

Question 3

What are ways to reduce the likelihood of getting cancer

Answer 3

Don’t smoke- chemicals cause lung and throat cancer
Don’t drink excess alcohol- liver cancer
About sunburn- skin cells damaged by the sun can cause cancer.
Eat a healthy diet- a high fibre diet can reduce risk of bowel cancer.

Question 4

What are the two types of tumours and what do they mean?

Answer 4

Benign- a tumour that grows in one place (least dangerous)
Malignant- cells that break of and secondary tumours start to grow( most dangerous )

The chance of survival also depends on age and how early the cancer is diagnosed

Question 5

What are infectious diseases, what causes them and what do these do

Answer 5

They are Spread from one person to another. Caused by pathogens which are microorganisms that attack and invade the body.

Question 6

What are examples of infectious diseases?

Answer 6

Fungi, viruses,bacteria, Protozoa.
E.g, athletes foot is caused by fungus, flu is caused by a virus, cholera is caused by bacteria and malaria is caused by protozoan

Question 7

What is an example of a vector and what disease do they spread

Answer 7

Mosquitos, spread malaria

Question 8

What are the stages of malaria spreading

Answer 8

1- the vector sucks the humans blood
2- if there are malaria parasites in the blood, they mate and move from the gut to the salivary glands.
3- the mosquito bites another person and passes the parasites into their bloodstream.
4- the parAsites move to the liver where they mature and reproduce.
5- the new generation of malaria parasites migrate to the blood and replicate in red blood cells, bursting them open and causes malaria, sometimes resulting in death

Question 9

How can the risk of malaria be reduced ?

Answer 9

Sleeping under mosquito nets.
Using insect repellants.
Killing mosquitos with insecticide.

Question 10

What are they bodies defences against pathogens.

Answer 10

The skin acts as a barrier against microorganisms.
The blood clots in wounds prevent microorganisms entering the blood stream
The respiratory system is lined with cells that produce a sticky, liquid mucus trapping microorganisms.
The stomach produces HCL which kills microorganisms

Question 11

What fights of pathogens and what happens if they fail?

Answer 11

White blood cells and the pathogens produce toxins if the white blood cells don’t destroy them.

Question 12

What are the two ways in which white blood cells deal with pathogens?

Answer 12

By engulfing and digesting Pathogens they find in the blood stream
By making antibodies to attack pathogens, they recognise antigens on the surface of the pathogen and the anti bodies kill them

Question 13

What is the name of what white blood cells provide the body with

Answer 13

Natural / active immunity which protect the body for years against disease.

Question 14

What are the stages of immunisation.

Answer 14

1- the person is injected with a weak or dead strain of the pathogen which is harmless
2- the pathogens trigger the production of antibodies by the white blood cells.
3- after the pathogen has been dealt with the White blood cells stay in the body so if the pathogen comes back it deals with it very quickly .

Question 15

What are the benefits of immunisation

Answer 15

Protection against fatal or disability cause. Diseases.

Large scale vaccination reduces the chance of the disease spreading

Question 16

What are the risks of immunisation ?

Answer 16

Someone could have a bad reaction to the vaccine

No vaccination is 100% safe but the benefits outweigh the risks.

Question 17

When does passive immunity occur

Answer 17

When anti bodies are put in the body rather than the body producing them

Question 18

When is passive immunity used

Answer 18

When a very quick response is needed or a persons immune system is weak

Question 19

What is an example of passive immunity

Answer 19

The pathogens in a snakes venom act very fast and the immune system is not able to produce antibodies quick enough to destroy the pathogen quick enough

Question 20

How are diseases cause by bacteria, fungi and viruses treated ?

Answer 20

Bacteria and fungi are treated by antibiotics and viruses are treated with antiviral drugs.

Question 21

How are drugs tested(3 ways)

Answer 21

Computer models predict how effective the drug will be.
Animal testing to see how effective the drug is on living organisms .
Human tissue is grown in a lab to see how it affects human cells.

Question 22

What are the final stages of drug testing

Answer 22

The drug is tested on volunteers with the disease and some without it. Some are given the drug and some given an inactive pill so the results can be compared.