B1- Cells structureAnd Transport

Question 1

Define Diffusion

Answer 1

Diffusion is the movement of particles from an area of hight concentration to an area of low concentration , down a concentration gradient. Diffusion continues until an equilibrium is reached( when they are all spread out).

Question 2

Name 3 factors that increase the rate of diffusion

Answer 2

• concentration gradient
• temperature
• surface area

Question 3

Why does temperature increase the rate if diffusion?

Answer 3

The higher the temperature the more energy the particles have to vibrate, therefore the bump into each other more often and end up increasing the rate of diffusion

Question 4

Why does a smaller surface area increase the rate of diffusion?

Answer 4

The smaller the surface area of area of the exchange the less room for the particles to move around in therefore they will bump into each other more often than in a large surface area.

Question 5

What type of concentration gradient increases the rate of diffusion?

Answer 5

High concentration gradient

Question 6

Whats are Prokaryotic cells?

Answer 6

Smaller and simpler cells like bacterial cells

Question 7

What are eukaryotic cells?

Answer 7

Bigger and more complex cells that include all animal and plant cells

Question 8

What is the expected size of Eukaryotic cells?

Answer 8

10 - 100 um (micro-metres)

Question 9

What the equation for magnification?

Answer 9

Magnification = Image size/Real size

Question 10

Define osmosis

Answer 10

The movement of water particles across a semi-permeable membrane from an area of high concentration to a lower concentration, down a concentration gradient

Question 11

Define active transport

Answer 11

Active transport is the process by which dissolved molecules move across a cell membrane from a lower to a higher concentration. In active transport, particles move against the concentration gradient - and therefore require an input of energy from the cell.

Question 12

Nucleus (plant, animal or bacteria cell?)

Answer 12

Contains genetic material that control the activities of the cell

Found in plant and animal cells( Bacteria have a strand of DNA instead)

Question 13

Cytoplasm (plant, animal or bacteria cell?)

Answer 13

Gel-like substance where most of the chemical reactions happen. It contains enzymes that control these chemical reactions

Found in animal, plant and bacterial cells

Question 14

Cell membrane (plant, animal or bacteria cell?)

Answer 14

Holds the cell together and controls what goes in and out

Found in animal, plant and bacterial cells

Question 15

Mitochondria (plant, animal or bacteria cell?)

Answer 15

These is where most of the reactions for respiration takes place and respiration transfers energy that the cell needs to work

Found in animal and plant cells

Question 16

Ribosomes (plant, animal or bacteria cell?)

Answer 16

They are where proteins are made in the cell

Found in plant cells

Question 17

Cell wall (plant, animal or bacteria cell?)

Answer 17

It supports the cell and strengthens it , made out of cellulose

Found in plant and bacterial cells

Question 18

Permanent vacuole (plant, animal or bacteria cell?)

Answer 18

Contains cell sap, a weak solution of sugar and salts

Found in plant cells

Question 19

Chloroplast (plant, animal or bacteria cell?)

Answer 19

These is where photosynthesis occurs, which makes food for the plant. They contain a green substance called chlorophyll, which absorbs the light needed for photosynthesis

Found in plant cells

Question 20

Plasmids (plant, animal or bacteria cell?)

Answer 20

Small rings of DNA

Found in bacterial cells