B1(Cell Structure And Transport)

Question 1

What does the nucleus do

Answer 1

-Controls all the activities of the cell
-Contains genes on the chromosomes that carry the instructions for making proteins

Question 2

What does the cytoplasm do

Answer 2

Where most of the chemical reactions for life take place

Question 3

What does the cell membrane do

Answer 3

-Controls substances such as glucose and mineral ions into the cell
-Controls substances such as urea and hormones out of the cell

Question 4

What does the mitochondria do

Answer 4

Where respiration takes place

Question 5

What do ribosomes do

Answer 5

Protein synthesis

Question 6

What does the cell wall do

Answer 6

Strengthens the plant cell

Question 7

What does chloroplast do

Answer 7

Contain green substance called chlorophyll which absorbs light so the plant can make food by photosynthesis

Question 8

What does the permanent vacuole do

Answer 8

Stores cell sap

Question 9

What are Eukaryotic cells

Answer 9

They are cells which contain genetic material that is enclosed in a nucleus

Question 10

What are prokaryotic cells

Answer 10

Cells which contain small rings of DNA called plasmids which are not enclosed in a nucleus

Question 11

Examples of specialised animal cells

Answer 11

-Nerve cells
-Muscle cells
-Sperm cells

Question 12

What are specialised cells

Answer 12

Cells that are adapted to do a specific function

Question 13

Examples of specialised plant cells

Answer 13

-Root hair cells
-palisade cells
-Xylem cells
-Phloem cells

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Question 24

What are xylem cells

Answer 24

-dead cells that transport water and mineral ions from the roots to the shoots
-supports the cell

Question 25

How do xylem cells transport water and mineral ions

Answer 25

-lignin builds up in spirals in the cell walls
-the cells die and form long hollow tubes
-this allows water and ions to move easily through them

Question 26

What are phloem cells

Answer 26

-transports food made by photosynthesis around the body of the plant

Question 27

How do phloem cells transport food around the plant

Answer 27

-The cell walls break down to form special sieve plates
-This allows water carrying dissolved food to move freely up and down tubes to where it is needed
-Phloem cells are supported by companion cells that keep them alive
-the mitochondria of the companion cells transfer the energy needed to move dissolved food up and down the plant to the phloem

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Question 35

What is the formula for magnification

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Question 38

What is transpiration

Answer 38

the loss of water vapour from plant leaves by evaporation of water at the surfaces of the mesophyll cells

Question 39

What are the factors that affect transpiration

Answer 39

Question 40

What is translocation

Answer 40

The transport of sucrose and amino acids in phloem, from regions of production to regions of storage or use

Question 41

What is a transpiration stream

Answer 41

Water moving through the xylem vessels

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