B1 - Cell Strcture And Transport

Question 1

Why do scientists use standard form

Answer 1

When number get too big, this idea was made to make them small.
(Can be found on a calculator)
Need help? Go back to maths

Question 2

Name all the scale/units

Answer 2

Nm nanometers             1um  = 1000 nm
Um micrometres            1mm = 1000 um
Mm millimetres                
Cm centimetres 
M metres 
Km kilometres

Question 3

What is a normal microscopes max resolution and max magnification

Answer 3

Resolution 200Nm

Magnification *1500

Question 4

Name all the parts of a microscope

Answer 4

Eyepiece 
Objective lens
Coarse focus 
Stage 
Slide
Fine focus 
Light

Question 5

How to calculate magnification

Answer 5

Formula = image size * magnification

IAM triangle

Question 6

Name all the parts of a animal cell

Answer 6

Ribosomes 
Cell membrane 
Cytoplasm 
Nucleus 
Mitochondria

Question 7

Name all the parts of a plant cell

Answer 7

Chloroplasts 
Cell membrane 
Cullulose cell wall
Mitochondria
Ribosomes 
Nucleus 
Cytoplasm 
Permanent vacuole

Question 8

Explain diffusion

Answer 8

Is the net random movement of particles from an area of a high concentration to an area of low concentration

Question 9

What do diffusion rates depend on

Answer 9

Temperature
Distance*
Surface area of a membrane

Question 10

Explain osmosis

Answer 10

Similar to diffusion but of water particles.
High water potential to a low water potential
In plant and animal cells it can make
Lysis crenation for animal cells and turgid plasmolyse for plant cells.

Question 11

Explain ATP

Answer 11

Molecules move from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration

1 glucose = 38 ATP
Carrier proteins in the cell membrane are needed for ATP to work

Question 12

Explain procaryotes

Answer 12

Oldest cell type
Small and simple
Lack of nucleus 
Lack of organelles
Single celled 
Single circular DNA 
Small rings ofDNA (plasmids)

Question 13

Explain eukaryotes

Answer 13

Evolved from prokaryotes
Larger and more complex
Contain nucleus and organelles
Multiple linear chromosomes

Question 14

What are some similarities of Eukaryotes and Procaryotes

Answer 14

Have DNA
Have ribosomes
Have cytoplasm
Have plasma membrane

Question 15

How does surface area to volume ratio work

Answer 15

As the size of the area increases, surface area to volume ratio decreases

Question 16

What is lysis in a blood cell?

Answer 16

This is when there is more water outside the cell
Therefor water rushes into the cell by osmosis

This causes the cell to swell up and possibly burst
This is called lysis

Question 17

What is crenation in a red blood cell?

Answer 17

In this case there is more water inside the 
cell.
Therefore water will rush out of the cell 
to the surroundings which are more 
concentrated.
If the cell loses too much water it 
becomes shrivelled up.
This is called CRENATION

Question 18

What is a turgid plant cell?

Answer 18

There is more water outside the cell.
Therefore water will enter the cell by
osmosis. The cell will swell up. The cell
becomes firm or TURGID

Question 19

What is a plasmolyse plant cell?

Answer 19

There is more water inside the cell. 
Therefore water will leave the cell by 
osmosis. This causes the cell membrane 
to pull away from the cell wall.
The cell now becomes soft (flaccid)
This is now called a PLASMOLYSED
cell.

Question 20

Why does a turgid plant cell not explode but a lysis blood cell will?

Answer 20

Because plant cells have walls that keep them in place and animal cells don’t.