B1 - Cell Strcture And Transport Flashcards
Why do scientists use standard form
When number get too big, this idea was made to make them small.
(Can be found on a calculator)
Need help? Go back to maths
Name all the scale/units
Nm nanometers 1um = 1000 nm Um micrometres 1mm = 1000 um Mm millimetres Cm centimetres M metres Km kilometres
What is a normal microscopes max resolution and max magnification
Resolution 200Nm
Magnification *1500
Name all the parts of a microscope
Eyepiece Objective lens Coarse focus Stage Slide Fine focus Light
How to calculate magnification
Formula = image size * magnification
IAM triangle
Name all the parts of a animal cell
Ribosomes Cell membrane Cytoplasm Nucleus Mitochondria
Name all the parts of a plant cell
Chloroplasts Cell membrane Cullulose cell wall Mitochondria Ribosomes Nucleus Cytoplasm Permanent vacuole
Explain diffusion
Is the net random movement of particles from an area of a high concentration to an area of low concentration
What do diffusion rates depend on
Temperature
Distance*
Surface area of a membrane
Explain osmosis
Similar to diffusion but of water particles.
High water potential to a low water potential
In plant and animal cells it can make
Lysis crenation for animal cells and turgid plasmolyse for plant cells.
Explain ATP
Molecules move from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration
1 glucose = 38 ATP
Carrier proteins in the cell membrane are needed for ATP to work
Explain procaryotes
Oldest cell type Small and simple Lack of nucleus Lack of organelles Single celled Single circular DNA Small rings ofDNA (plasmids)
Explain eukaryotes
Evolved from prokaryotes
Larger and more complex
Contain nucleus and organelles
Multiple linear chromosomes
What are some similarities of Eukaryotes and Procaryotes
Have DNA
Have ribosomes
Have cytoplasm
Have plasma membrane
How does surface area to volume ratio work
As the size of the area increases, surface area to volume ratio decreases
What is lysis in a blood cell?
This is when there is more water outside the cell
Therefor water rushes into the cell by osmosis
This causes the cell to swell up and possibly burst
This is called lysis
What is crenation in a red blood cell?
In this case there is more water inside the cell. Therefore water will rush out of the cell to the surroundings which are more concentrated. If the cell loses too much water it becomes shrivelled up. This is called CRENATION
What is a turgid plant cell?
There is more water outside the cell.
Therefore water will enter the cell by
osmosis. The cell will swell up. The cell
becomes firm or TURGID
What is a plasmolyse plant cell?
There is more water inside the cell. Therefore water will leave the cell by osmosis. This causes the cell membrane to pull away from the cell wall. The cell now becomes soft (flaccid) This is now called a PLASMOLYSED cell.
Why does a turgid plant cell not explode but a lysis blood cell will?
Because plant cells have walls that keep them in place and animal cells don’t.
