B1-Cell Differentiation And Specialisation Flashcards
What is cell differentiation
Differentiation is the process by which a cell changes to become specialised for its job. CELLS DIFFERENTIATE TO BECOME SPECIALISED.
What happens as cells change
They develop different sub-cellular structures and turn into different types of cells. This allows them to carry out specific functions.
When does most differentiation occur
As an organism develops.
When is the ability to differentiate lost in cells
In most animal cells, the ability to differentiate is then lost at an early stage, after they become specialised. However most plant cells don’t ever lose this ability
What are the cells that differentiate in mature animals are mainly used for what?
Repairing and replacing cells, such as skin or blood cells
What are undifferentiated cells called
Stem cells
What are sperm cells specialised for
Reproduction
What is the function of sperm cells
The function of a sperm is to get the make DNA to the female DNA. It has a long tail and a streamlined head to help it swim to the egg.
Why is there a lot of mitochondria in a sperm cell
To provide the energy needed and it also carries enzymes in its head to digest through the egg cell membrane
What are nerve cells specialised for
Rapid signalling
What is the function of nerve cells
The function of nerve cells is to carry electric signals from one part of the body to another.
Why are nerve cells long and have branched connections at their ends
The cells are long and have branched connections at their ends to connect to other nerve cells and form a network throughout the body.
What are muscle cells specialised for?
Contraction
What is the function of a muscle cell
The function of a muscle cell is to contract quickly. These cells are long so that they have space to contract
Why do muscle cells contain lots of mitochondria
To generate electricity needed for contraction
