B1 (CELL BIOLOGY) Flashcards
State the equation triangle for working out Image Size, Actual size and Magnification.
I (at the top) and AM (at the bottom).
I
AM
What is the purpose of ribosomes in a cell?
Produces protein sufficient for entire cell through protein synthesis.
What type of cells are permanent vacuoles in?
Plant cells.
What type of cells are eukaryotic?
Animal and plant.
What type of cells are prokaryotic?
Bacterial.
Are eukaryotic or prokaryotic smaller?
Prokaryotic cells are much smaller and simple compared to large and complex eukaryotic.
What are the two types of microscopes
Light and electron.
What do electron microscopes allow you to see compared to light ?
Electron microscopes allow you to see sub -cellular structures, such as ribosomes with cannot be seen with light microscopes.
Define active transport.
The movement of particles from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration. This DOES require energy to happen, which is gained from respiration.
Define osmosis.
Movement of water molecules from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration across a partially permeable membrane. Does not require energy -passive process.
Define diffusion
Net movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. This doesn’t require energy as its a passive process.
What factors effect the rate of diffusion ?
Difference in concentration, temperature and the surface area of the membrane.
How do electron microscopes work?
They emit beams of electrons, which makes a magnified image.
How do light microscopes work?
They emit a beam of light, which makes a magnified image.
What is the definition of a specialised cell?
What do plant and animal cells (eukaryotic cells) have?
Cell membrane, cytoplasm and genetic material enclosed in the nucleus.
What do Bacterial cells (prokaryotic cells) have ?
They have cytoplasm and a cell membrane surrounded by a cell wall. The genetic material is not enclosed in a nucleus. It is a single DNA loop and there may be one or more small rings of DNA called plasmids.
How to convert mm to µm
Multiply it by 1,000.
What is the cell wall in plant and algal cells made of and what does it do?
Cellulose, which strengthens the cell.
What are specialised cells?
Specialised cells are cells designed to carry out a particular role in the body
How are sperm cells specialised to carry out a particular function?
The middle piece of the sperm is packed with mitochondria to release energy needed to swim and fertilise the egg. The tail enables the sperm to swim. The head of the sperm contains the genetic material for fertilisation.
How are nerve cells specialised to carry out a particular function?
How are muscle cells specialised to carry out a particular function?
Sperm cells, nerve cells and muscle cells are all in _______?
Animals !
