B1, 2 And 3 Flashcards
What is a gene
A section of DNA that codes for a particular protein
Prokaryotic Vs Eukaryotic
Prokaryotic
No nucleus, circular loop of DNA, plasmid, cell wall | unicellular E.g bacteria
Eukaryotic
Nucleus (animal and plant cells)
multicellular
Where does transcription and translation occur and what are they?
Transcription-
The two DNA strands are unwinded and unzipped and a single stranded mRNA is produced (in nucleus)
Translation-
The mRNA molecule moves out of the nucleus into the cytoplasm. It is then translated to figure out what amino acids are needed. Amino acids that match the triplet code on the mRNA are joined together in the correct order. This long chain forms a protein.
Why can DNA not travel out of the nucleus to the cytoplasm in a Eukaryotic cell?
Because it is so big so it needs to be transcribed into an mRNA molecule
Rate calculation for enzyme activity
Rate = change / time
What lenses do you need if you’re long sighted and short sighted?
Long sighted- convex
Short sighted- concave
Looking at near vs distant objects
Near-
Ciliary muscle contracts and suspensory ligament relaxes
Distant-
Ciliary muscle is relaxed and suspensory ligament contracts
Parts of brain and what they do
Hypothalamus- control centre that monitors blood and helps maintain homeostasis
Cerebrum- controls voluntary actions memory, speech, problem solving
Cerebellum- muscle coordination and movement
Pituitary gland- controls the activity of other glands and secretes hormones
What is the endocrine system?
The glands that produce hormones
( thyroid, pituitary, pancreas, adrenal, testes, pancreas, ovaries)
What do the menstrual hormones do?
FSH- matures an egg in the ovary follicles
Oestrogen- stimulates the uterus to develop a lining
LH- releases egg into oviduct ( stimulates ovulation)
Progesterone- maintains and thickens uterus lining
