B1 Flashcards
What happens during the translation stage of protein synthesis?
Amino acids that match the triplet code on the mRNA are joined together in the correct order. This makes the protein coded for by the gene.
What happens during the transcription stage of protein synthesis?
- the two DNA strands unzip around the gene
- the DNA is used as a template to make the mRNA
- base pairing ensures it is complementary
What do enzymes do?
Control cell reactions.
What are enzymes also called?
Biological catalysts.
What happens if the substrate does not fit into the active site?
The reaction will not be catalysed.
What will happen to the enzyme when the pH is too high?
The shape of the active site will change and the enzyme will denature.
What is respiration?
The process of transferring energy from the breakdown of glucose.
What is the function of ATP?
Stores the energy needed for cell processes.
Is respiration a exothermic or endothermic reaction?
Exothermic. It transfer energy to the environment by heat.
What is the word equation for aerobic respiration?
glucose + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water
What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration in animals?
glucose -> lactic acid
What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration in plants and fungi?
glucose -> ethanol + carbon dioxide
How much energy is transferred in aerobic respiration?
32 ATP
How much energy is transferred in anaerobic respiration?
2 ATP
Why is it advantageous for organisms to respire aerobically rather than anaerobically?
More ATP can be produced in aerobic respiration.