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AQA GCSE Design and Technology > B. Timbers > Flashcards

B. Timbers Flashcards

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1
Q

What is hardwood?

A

Hardwood is from a deciduous tree, usually a broad-leafed variety.

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2
Q

What are the properties and uses of Ash?

A

Hardwood

Properties: Flexible, tough and shock resistant, laminates well

Colour: Pale brown

Uses: Sports equipment and tool handles

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3
Q

What are the properties and uses of Mahogany?

A

Hardwood

Properties: Easily worked, durable and finishes well

Colour: Reddish brown

Uses: Flooring, furniture and joinery, veneers

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4
Q

What are the properties and uses of Oak?

A

Hardwood

Properties: Tough, hard and durable, high quality finish

Colour: Light brown

Uses: Flooring, furniture, railway sleepers, veneers

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5
Q

What are the properties and uses of Beech?

A

Hardwood

Properties: Fine finish, tough and durable

Colour: Beige with pink hue

Uses: Children’s toys and models, furniture, veneers

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6
Q

What are the properties and uses of Balsa?

A

Hardwood

Properties: Soft and spongy, good strength to weight ratio

Colour: Pale cream/white

Uses: Prototyping and modelling

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7
Q

What is a softwood?

A

Softwood is from a coniferous tree that usually bears needles and has cones

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8
Q

What are the properties and uses of Pine?

A

Softwood

Properties: Lightweight, easy to work, can split and be resinous near knots

Colour: Pale yellowish brown

Uses: Interior construction, furniture

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9
Q

What are the properties and uses of Spruce?

A

Softwood

Properties: Easy to work, high stiffness to weight ratio

Colour: Creamy white

Uses: Construction, furniture, musical instruments

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10
Q

What are the properties and uses of Larch?

A

Softwood

Properties: Durable, tough, good water resistance, good surface finish

Colour: Pale reddish brown

Uses: Exterior cladding, decking, flooring, machine mouldings, furniture and joinery, railway sleepers, veneers

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11
Q

What are manufactured timbers?

A

Sheets of processed timber waste products. They are made from waste wood, low grade timber and recycled timber

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12
Q

What are the properties and uses of Chipboard?

A

Manufactured timber

Properties: Good comprehensive strength, not water resistant unless treated, good value but prone to chipping on edges

Uses: Flooring, low-end furniture, kitchen units, worktops

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13
Q

What are the properties and uses of Medium Density Fibreboard (MDF)?

A

Manufactured timber

Properties: Rigid and stable, smooth and easy to finish surface. Absorbent, so not goof in high humidity

Uses: Good value, flatpack furniture, toys, kitchen units and internal construction

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14
Q

What are the properties and uses of Plywood?

A

Manufactured timber

Properties: Stable in all directions due to alternating layers at 90 (outside layers run in the same direction)

Uses: Furniture, shelving, toys and construction. Interior, exterior and marine grades available

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15
Q

Advantages of using manufactured timber over natural timber

A
  • Available in large board sizes which can reduce the number of joints
  • Cheaper than natural timber
  • A good insulator
  • Easily cut
  • Easily laminated to apply a wide range of finishes
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16
Q

Disadvantages of using manufactured timber over natural timber

A
  • Dense, making it very heavy in large sheets
  • Due to its density and the adhesive used in production, it can quickly blunt blades
  • Resins and binders used can be toxic
  • Edges are difficult to finish due to no natural grain
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17
Q

Why does newly cut timber need to be seasoned?

A

Green timber contains a lot of moisture. In order to reduce the moisture content, it needs to be seasoned

18
Q

How does air seasoning work?

A

Air dried timber is separated and stacked under a protective roofed structure, with open sides so that the air can circulate.

19
Q

How does kiln seasoning work?

A

The kiln is filled with steam and, and the moisture content is gradually reduced to dry out the wood. Expensive, but enables timber to be sold more quickly

20
Q

How is MDF produced?

A

Waste wood is broken down into fibres and combined with a resin binder. It is then pressed into sheets that are dense and strong

21
Q

How is Plywood produced?

A

Thin layers (veneers) of wood are glued together. Each layer has its wood grain rotated at 90.

22
Q

How is Chipboard produced?

A

Wood chips of varying sizes are mixed with resin, pressed and formed into a sheet

23
Q

How can softwoods and manufactured boards be made to look like more expensive hardwoods?

A
  • Boards could be laminated with a thin veneer of hardwood on the outer surface
  • Boards could be laminated with Formia (melanin formaldehyde)
  • Boards could be stained
24
Q

Which timber is best for flat-packed furniture?

A

Manufactured boards
- More consistent than natural wood due to lack of knots or grain

25
Q

Which timber is best for children’s toys?

A

Beech or oak

  • Dense grain and can be sanded to a smooth surface, so there are no splinters
26
Q

Which timber would be best for constructing a garden shed?

A

Larch
- Tough
- Durable
- Water resistant due to natural oil content

27
Q

How to join two pieces of wood together using wood screws

A

Need a hole to be pre-drilled through both pieces of wood
- This hole (pilot hole) needs to be narrower than the diameter of the screw

28
Q

Why are knock down fittings suitable for kitchen cabinets?

A
  • KD fittings can be easily assembled with a simple selection of tools.
  • They provide a strong enough joint and are lightweight
  • Can be taken down without damaging the item
29
Q

What is lamination?

A

Gluing or heat pressing several layers of wood to create a strong composite

30
Q

Where is lamination used?

A

Laminated floor materials, office furniture and kitchen units

31
Q

What is glulam?

A

Strips of wood are layered together with a strong adhesive. The grain runs along the length of the timber

32
Q

What is glulam used for?

A

Glulam is a strong timber used for load bearing structures such as bridges and beams

33
Q

What is an oil finish?

A
  • Soaks into the timber
  • Replenishes natural oils that has been lost through exposure, age and wear and tear
  • Provides protection and some water resistance
34
Q

What is a paint finish?

A
  • Gives a colour finish and adds a layer of protection against weathering
  • Needs a primer on bare wood
35
Q

What is a varnish finish?

A
  • Transparent and enhances the natural grain of the timber
  • Protects from moisture
  • Can be colour tinted with oil stain; yellows over time
36
Q

What is a wax finish?

A
  • Protects from moisture
  • Enhances natural colour and gives it a deep shine
  • Applied with steel wool
37
Q

What is a wood preservative?

A

Protects wood from fungal or insect attack. Helps prevent rot and decay.
Needs regular application to maintain protection

38
Q

What is a wood stain?

A
  • Permanently stains wood; can be affected by base wood
  • Does not protect
39
Q

What is tantalisation for?

A

To provide long-term protection against rot, fungal and insect attack

40
Q

Where is tantalisation used?

A

Tantalised timber is used for outdoor applications to extend its life - usually for fencing, decking, walkways and footbridges

41
Q

What is tantalisation?

A

The timber is pressure impregnated with wood preservative.

42
Q

Why does timber need to be protected with an additional treatment and wood finish?

A
  • Can prevent rot and reduce the chance of a fungal or insect attack
  • Have a surface treatment to protect from wear and tear

AQA GCSE Design and Technology (14 decks)

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