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AQA GCSE Design and Technology > B. Metals > Flashcards

B. Metals Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a ferrous metal?

A
  • All contain iron ferrite
  • Most are magnetic
  • Have a high tensile strength and durability
  • Vulnerable to rust if exposed to moisture without a protective finish
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2
Q

What are the types of ferrous metal?

A
  • Cast iron
  • Low carbon / mild steel
  • High carbon steel
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3
Q

What are the properties of cast iron?

A

Ferrous

Hard but brittle, resists deformation and rust

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4
Q

What are the uses of cast iron?

A

Uses: Kitchen pans, machine bases, manhole covers

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5
Q

What are the properties of low carbon / mild steel?

A

Ferrous

Tough, ductile, rusts easily if not protected

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6
Q

What are the uses of low carbon / mild steel?

A

Uses: Car bodies, steel building frames, pipelines

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7
Q

What are the properties of high carbon steel?

A

Ferrous

Hard, brittle, Hard wearing, resists abrasion, retains its shape

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8
Q

What are the uses of high carbon steel?

A

Uses: Tools, blades, scissors

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9
Q

Why is metal an expensive material to obtain?

A
  • Mining is dangerous and often remote
  • Mining machinery is expensive to buy, operate and maintain
  • Significant electrical/heat energy needed to separate metal from iron ore
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10
Q

What is a non-ferrous metal?

A
  • Pure metal that does not contain iron
  • Non-magnetic (so used for electronics)
  • Higher resistance to rust, but will still corrode or oxidise
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11
Q

Why is stainless steel protected from rust?

A

It is protected due to the presence of chromium

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12
Q

What are the properties of aluminium?

A

Non-ferrous

Lightweight, ductile, resists corrosion

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13
Q

What are the uses of aluminium?

A

Uses: Bike frames, drinks cans, takeaway trays

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14
Q

What are the properties of zinc?

A

Non-ferrous

Brittle but malleable, highly resistant to corrosion

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15
Q

What are the uses of zinc?

A

Galvanising steel

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16
Q

What are the properties of copper?

A

Non-ferrous

Ductile and malleable, good electrical conductor

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17
Q

What are the uses of copper?

A

Plumbing supplies, electrical cables

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18
Q

What are the properties of tin?

A

Non-ferrous

Malleable and ductile, high corrosion resistant, good electrical conductor

19
Q

What are the uses of tin?

A

Solder, plating surfaces e.g. cans

20
Q

What makes metal an expensive material to obtain?

A

Mining is dangerous and often very remote
Mining machinery is very expensive to buy and operate
Techniques for extraction uses dynamite
Significant electrical or heat energy is required to separate metal from its ore

21
Q

What is an alloy?

A

Alloys are a mixture of at least one pure metal and another element

22
Q

Why are alloys harder than pure metals?

A

Because they contain atoms of different sizes, distorting the arrangement of the atoms making it hard for the layers to slide over each other

23
Q

What is the composition of high speed steel?

A

Chromium Molybdenum
Tungsten Vanadium
Cobalt Carbon

24
Q

What are the properties of high speed steel?

A

Can withstand high temperatures when machining at high speed

25
Q

What are the uses of high speed steel?

A

Cutting tools such as the drill bits, mill cutters, taps and dies

26
Q

What is the composition of stainless steel?

A

Low carbon 0.03-0.08%
Chromium 10.5-26%
Iron

27
Q

What are the properties of stainless steel?

A

Hard
Ductile
Rust resistant

28
Q

Why is stainless steel rust resistant?

A

Chromium layer protects steel from corrosion

29
Q

What are the uses of stainless steel?

A

Cutlery, kitchen and medical equipment

30
Q

What is the composition of brass?

A

Copper 65%
Zinc 35%

31
Q

What are the properties of brass?

A

Malleable, easily cast, corrosion resistant

32
Q

What are the uses of brass?

A

Musical instruments, plumbing filaments and ornate artefacts

33
Q

What are the advantages of alloys over pure metals?

A

Harder than pure metals because they are made from different sized molecules that make it harder for them to slide over each other.

34
Q

What is aluminium extracted from?

A

Bauxite

35
Q

What is liquation?

A

Metals with low melting points (e.g. tin and lead) is separated from an ore or alloy using liquation.
The impure metal is melted in a sloped container, and runs off, leaving behind the impurities

36
Q

What properties do hand tools need to have?

A

Hard, tough, resistant to tension and compression, ergonomic and comfortable for use

37
Q

What metal is used to make hand tools?

A

High carbon steel

38
Q

What properties do cooking utensils need to have?

A

Tough, durable, corrosion resistant, food safe, flame and heat resistant

39
Q

What metal is usually used to make cooking utensils? Why?

A

Stainless steel
It’s strong, rust resistant and hygenic

40
Q

What is annealing?

A

The process of heating and slowly cooling metal to alter its properties, reducing its hardness and increasing ductility

41
Q

Why is annealing useful?

A

Hard, brittle metals fracture when bent or pressed. In comparison, annealing will improve the malleability and reduces the risk of fracture

42
Q

What is hardening?

A

Steel is heated at high temperatures until some of the carbon content dissolves. The metal is then rapidly cooled.

43
Q

What does hardening do for the properties of metal?

A

Increases strength and wear resistance, but increases brittleness

44
Q

What are the three steps in welding?

A

High heat melts the base materials

A metal filler is melted to fill the joint

As they cool the parts fuse together, creating a very strong joint

AQA GCSE Design and Technology (14 decks)

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