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AQA GCSE Design and Technology > B. Papers and Boards > Flashcards

B. Papers and Boards Flashcards

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1
Q

How is paper measured?

A

GSM (grams/square metre)

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2
Q

Layout paper

A

Properties: Medium opacity sheet with a smooth finish

Weight: 60-90 GSM

Uses: Sketch and design work

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3
Q

Tracing paper

A

Properties: Off white, low opacity sheet

Weight: 60-90 GSM

Uses: Copying, overlays and tracing drawings

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4
Q

Cartridge paper

A

Properties: Thick white paper with a textured surface

Weight: 120-150 GSM

Uses: Sketching. watercolours, ink drawings

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5
Q

Bleed proof paper

A

Properties: Thick coated paper that prevents inks from bleeding

Weight: 120-150 GSM

Uses: High quality illustrations with colour richness and vibrancy

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6
Q

Grid paper

A

Properties: White paper with a printed grid of squares, isometric lines or other patterns

Weight: 80-100 GSM

Uses: Scale models, scientific drawings, model making

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7
Q

Grid paper

A

Properties: White paper with a printed grid of squares, isometric lines or other patterns

Weight: 80-100 GSM

Uses: Scale models, scientific drawings, model making

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8
Q

What is card’s weight range?

A

200-350 GSM

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9
Q

Corrugated card

A

Properties: Two layers of lightweight card containing a fluted layer for strength. Fully degradable and recyclable

Uses: Packaging for impact protection

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10
Q

Foam core

A

Properties: An inner foam core with a paper face. Rigid and stiff

Uses: Model making, mounting artworks

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11
Q

Ink Jet

A

Properties: Treated card with smooth, bleed-proof printable surface

Uses: Printing photographs and artwork

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12
Q

Foil-lined board

A

Properties: Card coated with aluminium foil on one side. Foil retains heat, keeping the contents warm and creating a moisture barrier

Uses: Takeaway containers

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13
Q

Duplex board

A

Properties: Two layers of card bonded together, with a white external layer. Tough with a bright white appearance

Uses: Suitable for packaging. Used with a waxy coating for food and drink containers

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14
Q

Solid White board

A

Properties: High quality board, brilliant white smooth finish on both sides

Uses: Greetings cards, quality packaging and book covers

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15
Q

What is the paper making process?

A
  1. Source material
  2. Pulp
  3. Sizing
  4. Pulp to paper
  5. Calendering
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16
Q

Describe Step 1 of the paper making process

A
  1. Source material
  • Trees or grasses are cut and taken to a paper mill.
  • Timber is debarked and chipped
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17
Q

Describe Step 2 of the paper making process

A
  1. Pulp
  • Chips are added to a chemical solution and cooked to separate the cellulose fibres
  • The pulp is pounded and squeezed; chemicals are added to alter the opacity
  • The end liquid is then bleached or dyed to the desired colour
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18
Q

Describe Step 3 of the paper making process

A
  1. Sizing
  • Liquid pulp is mixed with additives to produce different types of paper finishes
  • This affects the absorbency of the product
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19
Q

Describe Step 4 of the paper making process

A
  1. Pulp to paper
  • Pulp is fed onto a mesh conveyor
  • It is passed through a series of rollers to remove excess water
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20
Q

Describe Step 5 of the paper making process

A
  1. Calendering
  • The paper passes through calender rollers which give the paper its final finish
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21
Q

Why are softwoods more eco-friendly for making paper pulp

A
  • Softwood trees grow more quickly and absorb more CO2 during their growth period
  • The output of paper pulp per hectare is higher over time
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22
Q

Properties of paper towels

A

Treated with resins to retain the towel’s structure when wet to prevent tearing and increase absorbency

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23
Q

Properties of baking parchment

A

The pulp is passed through a bath of sulfuric acid to gelatinise the surface and make it stick

24
Q

Properties of white board

A

Stiff board with a waxy coating or laminated with polyethylene makes it suitable as a container for take-away food

25
Q

What are the three stock forms for paper?

A

Ply, rolls and sheets

26
Q

What is ply?

A

Ply contains layered sheets, often in rolls

27
Q

What are rolls?

A

Rolls for continuous run are used by the print industry for high volume printing, such as books or newspapers

28
Q

What are sheets?

A

Sheet form is used for office and domestic use, digital printing and art supplies

29
Q

What is the International Standards Organisation (ISO)?

A

The A series of paper is defined by the ISO 216 standard

30
Q

What is Saddle Stich binding?

A

Used for think books or notebooks. Threads or staples bind the paper together.
Fast and cheap method for mass production

31
Q

What is Section Sewn binding?

A

Printed, folded sheets are sewn together to produce a high quality and secure form of binding.
Commonly used in hardback books

32
Q

What is Perfect binding?

A

Pages are folded and glued into the cover sheet to form a spine.
Used for softcover books

33
Q

What is a Comb/Spiral binding?

A

A binding machine punches multiple holes into a stack of paper. The comb or spiral is fed through the holes to hold the document together.

34
Q

What is a Side binder?

A

Durable, plastic spine bars with slide over the edges of a stack of paper

35
Q

What are Split Pin fasteners?

A

Placed into a punched hole. The brass legs are then separated and bent over to secure the paper together

36
Q

What are Binder Clip fasteners?

A

Metal clip that holds sheets of paper together, keeping them intact.

Handles can be folded flat for stacking or upright for hanging.

37
Q

What are Staples?

A

A durable metal fastener that attach sheets of paper together

38
Q

What is a paper clip?

A

Steel wire is bent into a loop to create two tongues which hold sheets of paper between them

39
Q

What is a tamper proof sticker?

A

Labels that self-destruct when they are peeled. Useful for valuable packages

40
Q

What is a Peel and seal envelope?

A

Peel off the strip to reveal the adhesive and seal the envelope shut

41
Q

What is a wax seal?

A

A dot of melted wax seals the paper. The wax hardens quickly, forming a hard bond.

42
Q

What is a gummed envelope?

A

A strip of water-soluble glue on the edge of envelope flap. It is activated by licking or moistening

43
Q

What is screen printing used to do?

A
  • To create bold prints for posters and artwork
  • Printing on fabrics and t-shirt design
44
Q

Steps for screen printing

A
  • A frame is covered with tight mesh - the screen
  • Chosen design is set onto the mesh with a light-reactive emulsion which hardens under bright light
  • Printing ink is poured over the screen and pressed through the mesh to create a print design on the paper or fabric below.
  • It can be used multiple times; suitable for batches
45
Q

What materials can be used in flexography?

A

Plastics, cellophane and metallic film

46
Q

What is flexography used for?

A

Flexible packaging, gift wrap, textiles, carrier bags and wallpaper

47
Q

How does flexography work?

A

Uses rolls of substrate to print high quantities without interruption. Uses CMYK

48
Q

What is gravure used for?

A

Postage stamps, catalogues, greeting cards and high-volume advertising

49
Q

How does gravure printing work?

A

Gravure acid-etches an image on the surface of the metal printing surface.
The etched areas (cells) hold the ink that is transferred to the printable surface

50
Q

What is embossing used for?

A
  • To add a high-quality finish to luxury card and paper products
  • Braille labelling on medicines
51
Q

What is offset lithography used for?

A

High volume print runs such as books, magazines and newspapers

52
Q

How does offset lithography work?

A
  • Water rollers apply a water-based film to the non-image areas
  • Ink rollers transfer the ink onto the image areas
  • The inked image is transferred from the printing surface to a rubber blanket
  • The image is then transferred onto a flat printing surface.
53
Q

What is a varnishing finish?

A
  • Applies a clear coating to a printed surface
  • Usually used to prevent rubbing or scuffing
54
Q

When is a varnishing finish used?

A

Magazines, postcards, playing cards

55
Q

What is a UV varnishing finish?

A

A gloss or matt coating to pick out a feature, such as a logo on a business card. It is dried instantly under UV light, so no solvents enter the atmosphere

56
Q

What is lamination?

A

A thin transparent plastic coating to the surface of printed material. It provides protection from grease, moisture and can be single or double sided.

57
Q

Where is lamination used?

A

Paperback books, menus and maps

AQA GCSE Design and Technology (14 decks)

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