B: SOCIAL CLASS Flashcards
Weber- Privileged workers…
Tend to be in higher skilled occupations
Weber- Less skilled…
= less bargaining power
More senior staff get
- Flexible hours
- Financial rewards
- Opportunities for advancement
How many people in low wage jobs fail to escape low pay in 10 years?
5 in 6
Hartmann (1979)
Argues that capitalism benefits from compliant women who have been socialised to accept their place in society
Braverman (1979
Believes middle class workers have been ‘deskilled’
Reay (2017)
Argues that there has never been equality of opportunity in the UK education system- more segregation and polarisation
Bottero (2005)
People of working class status more likely to work in dangerous jobs with hazards
Marmot et al (1991)
Lower occupational hierarchy= worse health
Phal (1993)
Found that women are economically disadvantaged in the home due to male position of authority- manage income
postcode lottery
Life chances- schools, employment, opportunities and facilities
Savage and Egerton
More upward social mobility into intermediate class
What did Savage and Egerton find about the intermediate class?
If you were born into the intermediate class you are 2x as likely to end up there
Tumin
Criticised Davis and Moore- every job is important and has value
Saunders
Everyone has the right to legal equality and opportunity
Murray
Dependency culture
Gramsci
Ruling class rule through persuasion
How many people in Britain are paid below the ‘real’ living wage?
5 million
How big is the class pay gap?
17% (Social Mobility Commission)
How many times more likely is someone from an advantaged background going to end up in a professional job?
2.5x
What % of the elite group were privately educated?
39%
What % of senior judges were privately educated?
65%
In 2019 __% of disadvantaged young people left school without English or Maths GCSE
50%
__% of households suffering
33%
How many people fail to escape insecure work in 10 years?
5 in 6
How many people referred to food banks in 2020 were destitute ?
95%
In London, what is the life expectancy gap between the rich and the poor?
25 years
Kelly 2001
55% of the lowest earners showed no movement in terms of social mobility in the 1990s
Murray
Underclass lazy and feckless- welfare dependency, poor socialisation, crime and high birth rates
Sewell
Everyone has the right to legal equality
A society based on equality is only possible through threat of death
New Right on social class (2)
Sewell, Murray
Feminist on social class
Abbott
Abbott
Criticised Goldthorpe’s study of social mobility for excluding women
Marxist on social class (3)
Marx, Westergaard and Resler, Althusser
Marx
Social class inequalities arise from the bourgeoisie exploiting the proletariat
People who hold more wealth…
hold more political influence as their wealth can be invested into things such as land and property
Westergaard and Resler
No evidence that social class differences are declining
Neo-Marxists on social class (1)
Gramsci
Gramsci
Hegemony explains why the working classes have not risen up
Postmod on social class (2)
Beck, Paluski and Walters
Beck
People now have the money to afford a basic necessities- biggest threat is the ‘risk society’
___ in __ Oxbridge students consider themselves working class
1 in 10
What % of the population hold no wealth at all?
10%
Althusser
Meritocracy is a myth
Paluski and Walters
People are stratified by culture rather than by class
Durkheim
Dual labour market is functional as it ensures people get rewarded according to their value in society
Functionalists on social class (3)
Parsons, Durkheim, Davis and Moore
Capitalism benefits from compliant women who have been socialised to accept their place in society
Hartmann
There has never been equality of opportunity in UK education- segregation and polarisation
Reay
Working classes more likely to work in dangerous jobs with hazards
Bottero
Lower occupational hierarchy= worse health
Marmot
Women are economically disadvantaged in the home- male position of authority manages income
Phal
Born into the intermediate class = 2x as likely to end up there
Savage and Egerton
Everyone has the right to legal freedom and opportunity
Saunders
55% of the lowest earners showed no social mobility in the 90s
Kelly
No evidence that social class inequalities are disappearing
Westergaard and Resler
People now have the money to afford material items
Beck
Meritocracy is a myth
Althusser
People are stratified by culture rather than class
Paluski and Waters
People are stratified by culture rather than class
Paluski and Waters
Dual labour market is functional as it ensures people get rewarded according to value
Durkheim
