B: GENDER Flashcards
The pay gap in the private sector vs the public sector is…
Private- 25.8%
Public- 17.1%
How many women on average lose out on promotions due to pregnancy (UK Feminista)
440,000
How many hours on average do women spend on chores per week in comparison to males?
15 hrs to 5 hrs
Women dominate which sector?
Caring and leisure- typically lower paid
Self employed women earn how much less than self employed men?
40%
Men associated with which occupations? (ONS 2013)
Professional- higher paid
Barron and Norris (1976)
Dual labour market theory
Women are more likely in the secondary sector because
- ‘Unsuitability’
- Disrupted careers
- Weak legal framework
Percentage of those in minimum wage jobs that is women?
70%
Savage (2011)
Men are 40% more likely to climb the career ladder than women
Preference theory
Hakim. Women are not victims of patriarchy, they are just less committed to their careers
Name three functionalist theories/ sociologists
Parsons, Murdock, Human capital theory
Criticism of functionalist
Oakely has shown that gender roles are socialises . Ethnocentric
Phyllis Schafly
Marriage is the most fulfilling role for a women
Criticism of the New Right
Ignore the dark side of the family. Biological argument is left to be proved.
New Right gender theorist
Phyllis Schafly
Marxist theorists/ theories
Barron and Norris, Engels
Barron and Norris
Dual labour market theory
Engels
Womens subordinate position is ingrained through ownership of private property and the nuclear family that fits with it.
Criticism of Marxist theories
Overemphasise impact of economic factors on gender. Outdated
Radical feminist theorists
Delphy and Leonard, Johnson, Ti-Grace Atkinson
Delphy and Leonard
Wives contribute to family more but get fewer benefits
Johnson
‘patriarchal terrorism’
Ti-Grace Atkinson
‘Feminism is the theory, lesbianism is the practise’
Criticism of radical feminism
Fail to recognise that every woman has different experiences
Marxist feminist theorists
Benston, Ansley, Feeley
Benston
Women benefit capitalism through free domestic labour and reproducing and raising the next generation
Ansley
‘shit takers’
Criticism of marxist feminism
Too much emphasis on social class
Liberal feminist thinker
Oakely
Oakely
Manipulation, canalisation, verbal appellation
Criticism of liberal feminism
Gender identities no longer fixed, movement largely middle class
Intersectionality
Sylvia Walby
Private and public patriarchy
Six patriarchal structures
Criticism of intersectionality
Overemphasises influence of social structure on behaviour
What prevents women from moving into the private sector? (West and Zimmerman)
‘womens unsuitability’
__% of women have a persistently low income, in comparison to __% of men
22% women
14% men
Women represent __% of the world’s poor
70%
__% of people in low wage jobs are women
70%
__% of women will be below the poverty line when they retire, as oppose to __% men
25% women
12% men
__% of lone families are headed by women
90%
Li and Devine
Women are less likely to be upwardly socially mobile than men
Coussins
Sex discrimination act- weak legal framework
Boys are _ times more likely to be excluded
4 times
Men are _ times more likely to commit suicide
3 times
__% of people killed in the workplace are men
95%
Fathers are __% more likely to be the breadwinner of the family
89%
Benefits make up / of a woman’s income and / of a mans
1/3 women
1/5 mans
Marriage is the most fulfilling role for a woman
Phyllis Schafly
Women’s subordinate position is reinforced through private property ownership
Engels
Wives contribute more to the family but get less benefits
Delphy and Leonard
Patriarchal terrorism
Johnson
Feminism is the theory, lesbianism is the practise
Ti-Grace Atkinson
Women benefit capitalism through free unpaid domestic labour
Benston
‘Shit-takers’
Ansley
Women are less likely to be upwardly socially mobile
Li and Devine
Sex Discrimination Act is weak legal framework
Coussins
