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Anatomy Unit 2 > B Pages > Flashcards

B Pages Flashcards

1
Q

Endothoracic fascia

A

lines the thorax between the intercostal muscles and the pleura; equivalent to the transversalis fascia of the abdomen

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2
Q

Superficial abdominal fascia

A
  • Superficial fatty layer (Camper’s fascia)

- Deep membranous layer (Scarpa’s fascia)

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3
Q
  • Deep membranous layer (Scarpa’s fascia)
A

continuous with the superficial fascia of the scrotum

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4
Q

Transversalis fascia

A

between the transversus abdominis muscle and the extraperitoneal fat; continuous with the pelvic fascia (epimysium of the iliacus muscle)

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5
Q

Renal fascia

A

details- separates the perirenal and pararenal layers of fat surrounding the kidney

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6
Q

Superficial fascia of the penis and scrotum

A

continuous with Scarpa’s fascia of the anterior abdominal wall and the superficial perineal fascia (Colle’s fascia)

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7
Q

Deep penile fascia (Buck’s fascia)

A

surrounds the corpus spongiosum and the corpora cavernosum

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8
Q

External spermatic fascia

A

continuous with the aponeurosis of the external oblique muscle

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9
Q

Cremasteric fascia

A

continuous with the internal oblique muscle

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10
Q

Internal spermatic fascia

A

continuous with the transversalis fascia

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11
Q

Abdominal fascia list

A
  • Superficial abdominal fascia
  • Transversalis fascia
  • Renal fascia
  • Superficial fascia of the penis and scrotum
  • Deep penile fascia (Buck’s fascia)
  • External spermatic fascia
  • Cremasteric fascia
  • Internal spermatic fascia
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12
Q

Pelivs and Perineum fascia list

A
  • Superficial perineal fascia (Colle’s)
  • Perineal membrane
  • Obturator fascia
  • Fascia of the pelvic diaphragm
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13
Q

Superficial perineal fascia (Colle’s)

A

continuous with the superficial fascia of the penis and scrotum; defines the superficial boundary of the superficial perineal space (pouch)

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14
Q

Perineal membrane

A

defines the deep boundary of the superficial perineal space (pouch) and the inferior (superficial) boundary of the deep perineal space (pouch)

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15
Q

Obturator fascia

A

covers the pelvic surface of the obturator internus muscle

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16
Q

Tendinous arch of the levator ani

A

attachment for the levator ani muscle

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17
Q

Fascia of the pelvic diaphragm

A
  • Inferior fascia (anal fascia)

- Superior fascia

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18
Q

Inferior fascia (anal fascia)

A

covers the inferior surface of the levator ani and coccygeus muscles

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19
Q

Superior fascia

A

covers the superior surface of the levator ani and coccygeus muscles

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20
Q

Obturator fascia compenent

A

Tendinous arch of the levator ani

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21
Q

Thoracic cage joints

A
  • Costovertebral (costocorporeal)
  • Costotransverse
  • Sternocostal
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22
Q

Sternocostal

A

synovial classification- plane

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23
Q

Costovertebral (costocorporeal)

A

synovial classification- plane

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24
Q

Costotransverse

A

synovial classification- plane

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25
Pelvis joints
- Lumbosacral - Sacroiliac - Pubic symphysis
26
Lumbosacral
classification- symphysis
27
Sacroiliac
synovial classification- plane
28
Pubic symphysis
classification- symphysis
29
pelvic ligaments
- Inguinal (L. inguen, groin) - Sacroiliac - Sacrospinous - Sacrotuberous
30
Inguinal (L. inguen, groin)
attachments- from anterior superior iliac spine to pubic tubercle - Lacunar (L. lacus, pit, hollow or lake) - Pectineal
31
Lacunar (L. lacus, pit, hollow or lake)
attachments- from medial end of inguinal ligament to medial end of pecten pubis
32
Pectineal
attachments- to pectin pubis
33
Sacroiliac
- Ventral - Dorsal - Interosseous
34
Dorsal Sacroiliac
attachments- from lateral sacral crest to posterior superior iliac spine
35
Interosseous Sacroiliac
attachments- between the articular surfaces
36
Sacrospinous
attachments- from ischial spine to lateral margin of sacrum
37
Sacrotuberous
attachments- from posterior iliac spine & lateral margin of sacrum to ischial tuberosity
38
Lymphatic Trunks
- Thoracic duct | - Right lymphatic duct
39
Right lymphatic duct
(drains nodes of the right thorax, right upper extremity, and right head and neck)
40
Thoracic duct
drains nodes of the right and left lower extremities, pelvis, abdomen, left thorax, left upper extremity, and left head and neck)
41
Lymph Nodes
- Breast - Thoracic - Abdominal and Pelvic
42
Breast nodes
``` Parasternal Inguinal Infraclavicular Axillary Apical axillary ```
43
Parasternal node
function- drain medial breast bilaterally
44
Inguinal node
function- may drain inferior breast
45
Infraclavicular node
function- may drain superior breast
46
Axillary node
function- predominant drainage of the breast
47
Apical axillary node
function- drain superior breast and other axillary nodes
48
Thoracic nodes
- Parietal | - Visceral
49
Thoracic parietal nodes
- Parasternal - Intercostal - Diaphragmatic - Posterior mediastinal
50
Parasternal thoracic node
function- drain medial aspect of breast, upper abdominal wall, anterior pleura & part of liver
51
Intercostal thoracic node
function- drain lateral & posterior thoracic wall
52
Diaphragmatic thoracic node
function- drain liver, pleura & diaphragm
53
Posterior mediastinal thoracic node
function- drain pleura & esophagus
54
Visceral
- Pulmonary - Bronchopulmonary - Tracheobronchial (inferior & superior) - Paratracheal
55
Pulmonary thoracic Visceral node
function- drain lung
56
Bronchopulmonary thoracic visceral node
function- drain pulmonary nodes & bronchi
57
Tracheobronchial (inferior & superior) thoracic visceral node
function- drain bronchopulmonary & posterior mediastinal nodes, trachea & heart
58
Paratracheal thoracic visceral node
function- drain tracheobronchial nodes
59
Abdominal and Pelvic
- Preaortic - Lateral aortic (para-aortic) - Retroaortic
60
Preaortic abdominal node
function- drain abdominal viscera supplied by the celiac, superior mesenteric and inferior mesenteric arteries
61
Lateral aortic (para-aortic) abdominal node function
function- drain the kidneys, suprarenal glands, ureter, posterior abdominal wall, testes, ovarys, uterine tubes, superior uterus & iliac nodes
62
Lateral aortic (para-aortic) abdominal components
- Common iliac - External iliac - Internal iliac
63
common iliac node function
function- drain internal and external iliac nodes
64
External iliac node function
function- drain inguinal nodes, abdominal wall, perineum and lower pelvic viscera
65
Internal iliac node function
function- drain pelvic viscera, perineum and gluteal region (skin drains to inguinal nodes)
66
Retroaortic abdominal node
function- drain the posterior abdominal wall
67
muscles of thorax
- Intercostal (external) - Intercostal (internal & innermost) - Transversus thoracis
68
Intercostal (external) muscle
attachments- from rib to rib oriented from superior-lateral to inferior-medial actions- elevation of ribs innervation- intercostal nerve blood supply- anterior & posterior intercostal a.
69
Intercostal (internal & innermost) muscle
attachments- from rib to rib oriented superior-medial to inferior-lateral actions- depression of ribs innervation- intercostal nerve blood supply- anterior & posterior intercostal a.
70
Transversus thoracis muscle
attachments- from posterior sternum to costal cartilages actions- depress ribs innervation- intercostal nerves blood supply- internal thoracic & anterior intercostal a
71
Muscles of the abdomen
- Cremaster (G. kremaster, a suspender) - Diaphragm - External oblique - Internal oblique - Quadratus lumborum - Rectus abdominis - Transversus abdominis
72
Cremaster (G. kremaster, a suspender) muscle
attachment- from the medial edge of the internal oblique to spermatic cord actions- elevation of testis innervation- genitofemoral nerve blood supply- cremasteric a.
73
Diaphragm
attachments- from xiphoid process, inner surface of the lower ribs & costal cartilages, medial & lateral arcuate ligaments & lumbar vertebrae via the crura to the central tendon actions- inspiration (negative thoracic pressure by inferior displacement) innervation- phrenic nerve blood supply- musculophrenic, inferior phrenic, subcostal & lower posterior intercostal a.
74
External oblique
attachments- from lower 8 ribs to iliac crest & rectus sheath actions- flexion & rotation of the trunk, & compression of the abdominal cavity innervation- ventral rami T7-12 blood supply- superior epigastric, inferior epigastric, subcostal, lower posterior intercostal, lumbar, superficial circumflex iliac & deep circumflex iliac a.
75
Internal oblique
attachments- from thoracolumbar fascia to inguinal ligament, iliac crest & rectus sheath actions- flexion & rotation of the trunk, & compression of the abdominal cavity innervation- lower thoracic & L1 ventral rami blood supply- superior epigastric, inferior epigastric, subcostal, lower posterior intercostal, lumbar, superficial circumflex iliac & deep circumflex iliac a.
76
Quadratus lumborum muscle
attachments- from 12th rib to iliolumbar ligament & iliac crest actions- extension & lateral flexion of the trunk, and fixes 12th rib during respiration innervation- ventral rami T12-L3 blood supply- subcostal, lumbar & iliolumbar a.
77
Rectus abdominis muscle
attachments- from xiphoid process & adjacent costal cartilages to pubic crest & tubercle actions- flexion of trunk & compression of abdominal cavity innervation- lower thoracic ventral rami blood supply- superior epigastric, inferior epigastric
78
Transversus abdominis msucle
attachments- from lower six costal cartilages & thoracolumbar fascia to inguinal ligament, iliac crest & rectus sheath actions- compression of the abdominal cavity innervation- lower thoracic & L1 ventral rami blood supply- superior epigastric, inferior epigastric, subcostal, lower posterior intercostal, lumbar, superficial circumflex iliac & deep circumflex iliac a.
79
Muscles of the pelvis
- Iliacus (details under Lower Extremity) - Psoas (details under Lower Extremity) - Piriformis (details under Lower Extremity) (L. pirum, pear) - Obturator internus (details under Lower Extremity) - Pelvic diaphragm
80
Coccygeus muscle
attachments- from ischial spine & sacrospinous ligament to coccyx actions- supports & compresses posterior pelvic floor innervation- ventral rami S4-5 blood supply- inferior gluteal, internal pudendal & inferior rectal a.
81
Levator ani muscle
attachments- from pubic symphysis, obturator fascia &; ischial spine to midline raphe &; anococcygeal ligament actions- supports pelvic viscera, & compresses rectum & vagina innervation- pudendal nerve (inferior rectal branches) &; S4 blood supply- inferior gluteal, internal pudendal, inferior rectal & inferior vesical a.
82
Muscles of the perineum
- Bulbospongiosus - Ischiocavernosus - Sphincter ani externus - Sphincter urethrae - Compressor urethrae - Sphincter urethrovaginalis - Deep transverse perineus - Superficial transverse perineus
83
Bulbospongiosus
attachments- in male from median raphe & perineal body (central tendon) to surround bulb of penis; in female from the perineal body to surround vestibular bulb, vaginal orifice & clitoris actions- in male empties urethra, maintains erection & contracts during ejaculation; in female constricts vaginal orifice & contributes to erection of clitoris innervation- perineal branch of pudendal nerve blood supply- internal pudendal a.
84
Ischiocavernosus
attachments- from ischial tuberosity & ramus to aponeurosis surrounding crus of penis or clitoris actions- compresses crus during erection innervation- perineal branch of pudendal nerve blood supply- internal pudendal a.
85
Sphincter ani externus
attachments- from perineal body (central tendon) to anococcygeal raphe actions- closes anal canal & fixes perineal body innervation- inferior rectal branch of pudendal nerve blood supply- internal pudendal a.
86
Sphincter urethrae
attachments- surrounds urethra actions- compresses urethra innervation- perineal branch of pudendal nerve blood supply- internal pudendal a
87
Compressor urethrae
attachments- from the ischiopubic ramus to midline passing ventral to the urethra and inferior to the sphinchter urethrae (with a variable number of fibers fanning out medially to to reach the vagina in females and thus replacing the deep transverse perineus) actions- compresses urethra innervation- perineal branch of the pudendal nerve blood supply- internal pudendal a.
88
Sphincter urethrovaginalis
attachments- from perineal body, surrounds vagina & urethra to meet contralateral muscle inferior to compressor urethrea actions- compresses urethra & vagina innervation- perineal branch of the pudendal nerve blood supply- internal pudendal a.
89
Deep transverse perineus
attachments- from ischial tuberosity to perineal body (central tendon) actions- fixes perineal body innervation- perineal branch of pudendal nerve blood supply- internal pudendal a.
90
Superficial transverse perineus
attachments- from ischial tuberosity to perineal body (central tendon) actions- fixes perineal body innervation- perineal branch of the pudendal nerve blood supply- internal pudendal a.
91
Cervical plexus components (most branches in head and neck)
-Phrenic nerve
92
Phrenic nerve (C3-5)
function- sensory & postganglionic sympathetic innervation to pericardium & central tendon (& adjacent pleura & peritoneum); motor (lmn) & postganglionic sympatheic innervation to diaphragm
93
Thoracic spinal nerves
- Dorsal rami | - Ventral rami
94
Dorsal rami
- Medial branch | - Lateral branch
95
Medial branch of dorsal rami
function- sensory & postganglionic sympathetic innervation to back muscles & overlying skin; motor (lmn) innervation of back muscles
96
Lateral branch of dorsal rami
function- sensory & postganglionic sympathetic innervation to back muscles & overlying skin; motor (lmn) innervation of back muscles
97
Ventral rami
- Intercostal n. (T1-6) - Intercostal n. (T7-11) - Subcostal nerve (T12)
98
Intercostal n. (T1-6) of ventral rami function
function- sensory & postganglionic sympathetic innervation to intercostal muscles, parietal pleura & skin; motor (lmn) innervation of intercostal muscles
99
Intercostal n. (T1-6), of ventral rami, branches
- Lateral cutaneous branch - Anterior cutaneous branch - Collateral branch - Intercostobrachial n. (T2 only)
100
Lateral cutaneous branch of Intercostal n. (t1-6)
function- sensory & postganglionic sympathetic innervation of skin overlying lateral aspect of intercostal space
101
Anterior cutaneous branch of Intercostal n. (t1-6)
function- sensory & postganglionic sympathetic innervation of skin overlying anterior aspect of intercostal space
102
Collateral branch of Intercostal n (t1-6)
function- redundant with remainder of nerve
103
Intercostobrachial n. (T2 only) of intercost n. (t1-6)
function- sensory & postganglionic sympathetic innervation of skin overlying proximal, medial aspect of arm
104
Intercostal n. (T7-11) of ventral rami
function- sensory & postganglionic sympathetic innervation to intercostal muscles, anterior abdominal muscles, peripheral diaphragm, parietal pleura & parietal peritoneum; motor (lmn) innervation of intercostal muscles and muscles of anterior abdominal wall
105
Intercostal n. (T7-11) of ventral rami components
- Lateral cutaneous branch - Anterior cutaneous branch - Collateral branch
106
Lateral cutaneous branch of intercostal n (t7-11)
function- sensory & postganglionic sympathetic innervation of skin overlying lateral aspect of intercostal space & adjacent anterior abdominal wall
107
Anterior cutaneous branch of intercostal n (t7-11)
function- sensory & postganglionic sympathetic innervation of skin overlying rectus abdominis muscle
108
Collateral branch of intercostal n. (t7-11)
function- redundant with remainder of nerve
109
Subcostal nerve (T12) of the ventral rami
function- sensory & postganglionic sympathetic innervation to skin overlying lateral and anterior abdominal wall, parietal peritoneum & muscles of anterior abdominal wall; motor (lmn) innervation of muscles of anterior abdominal wall
110
Lumbar nerves
- Dorsal rami | - Ventral rami
111
Dorsal rami of lumbar nerve components
- Medial branch | - Lateral branch
112
Medial branch of the dorsal rami of the lumbar nerves
function- sensory & postganglionic sympathetic innervation to back muscles & overlying skin; motor (lmn) innervation of back muscles
113
Lateral branch of the dorsal rami of the lumbar nerves
function- sensory & postganglionic sympathetic innervation to back muscles & overlying skin; motor (lmn) innervation of back muscles
114
Ventral rami of the lumbar nerves components
- Iliohypogastric nerve (L1) - Ilioinguinal nerve (L1) - Genitofemoral nerve (L1-2) - Lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh - Muscular branches
115
Iliohypogastric nerve (L1) of the ventral rami
function- sensory & postganglionic sympathetic innervation of skin overlying lower anterior abdominal wall; sensory, postganglionic sympathetic & motor (lmn) innervation of muscles of the anterior abdominal wall
116
Ilioinguinal nerve (L1) of the ventral rami
function- sensory & postganglionic sympathetic innervation of skin overlying proximomedial thigh, root of the penis & scrotum or mons pubis & labium majorum; sensory, postganglionic sympathetic & motor (lmn) innervation of muscles of the anterior abdominal wall
117
Genitofemoral nerve (L1-2) of the ventral rami components
- Genital branch | - Femoral branch
118
Genital branch of the Genitofemoral nerve (L1-2)
function- sensory & postganglionic sympathetic innervation of the skin overyling part of the labium majorum or scrotum; sensory, postganglionic sympathetic & motor (lmn) innervation of the cremaster muscle
119
Femoral branch of the Genitofemoral nerve (L1-2)
function- sensory & postganglioinc sympathetic innervation of skin overlying the femoral triangle
120
Lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh of the ventral rami
function- sensory & postganglionic sympathetic innervation of the skin overlying the lateral aspect of the thigh
121
Muscular branches of the ventral rami
function- sensory, postganglionic sympathetic and motor (lmn) innervation of the psoas and quadratus lumborum muscles
122
Sacral nerves
- Dorsal rami | - Ventral rami
123
Ventral rami of sacral nerves components
- Posterior femoral cutaneous n. | - Pudendal n. (S2-4)
124
Posterior femoral cutaneous n. of the ventral rami of the sacral nerves components
- Gluteal branches | - Perineal branches
125
Perineal branches of the posterior femoral cutaneous n. of the ventral rami of the sacral nerves
function- sensory & postganglionic sympathetic innervation of skin overlying part of the posterior aspect of the perineum
126
Gluteal branches of the posterior femoral cutaneous n. of the ventral rami of the sacral nerves
function- sensory & postganglionic sympathetic innervation of skin overlying part of the gluteus maximus
127
Pudendal n. (S2-4) of the ventral rami of the sacral nerves components
- Inferior rectal n. - Perineal n. - Dorsal nerve of clitoris or penis
128
Inferior rectal n. of the Pudendal n (s2-4)
function- sensory & postganglionic sympathetic innervation of the skin overyling the anus; sensory, postganglionic sympathetic & motor (lmn) innervation of the external anal sphinchter
129
Perineal n. of the Pudendal n. (S2-4), branches
- Muscular branches | - Posterior labial or scrotal branches
130
Muscular branches of the Perineal n. of the Pudendal n. (S2-4)
function- sensory, postganglionic sympathetic & preganglionic parasympathetic innervation of the corpus spongiosum or bulb of the vestibule; sensory & postganglionic sympathetic innervation of the spongy urethra; sensory, postganglionic sympathetic & motor (lmn) innervation of the perineal muscles
131
Posterior labial or scrotal branches of the Perineal n. of the Pudendal N. (S2-4)
function- sensory & postganglionic sympathetic innervation of the skin overyling the labia majora & minora, lower vagina & urethra or scrotum
132
Dorsal nerve of clitoris or penis of the Pudendal n.
function- sensory & postganglionic sympathetic innervation of the skin overyling penis or clitoris; sensory, postganglionic sympathetic & preganglionic parasympathetic innervation to the corpus cavernosum
133
Sympathetic trunks
- Rami communicans - Medial sympathetic nerves - Prevertebral Ganglia - Plexuses (L. a braid)
134
Rami communicans of the sympathetic trunks, components
- White (T1-L2) | - Gray (C1-S5)
135
White (T1-L2) of the Rami communicans of the sympathetic trunks
function- carry preganglionic sympathetic axons to the sympathetic chain (paravertebral ganglia), prevertebral ganglia (celiac, superior mesenteric,…), and sensory axons from the viscera to the spinal cord
136
Gray (C1-S5) of the rami communicans of the sympathetic trunks
function- carry postganglionic sympathetic axons from the sympathetic chain to the spinal nerves for distribution through the dorsal and ventral rami
137
Medial sympathetic nerves of the sympathetic trunks, components
- Cardiopulmonary splanchnic nerves - Upper thoracic splanchnic nerves (T1-5) - Lower thoracic splanchnic nerves (T5-12) - Lumbar splanchnic nerves (L1-5) - Sacral splanchnic nerves (S1-5)
138
Cardiopulmonary splanchnic nerves of the medial sympathetic nerves of the sympathetic trunks
function- carry sensory and postganglionic sympathetic axons passing from the cervical and upper thoracic sympathetic ganglia to the cardiac and pulmonary plexuses
139
Upper thoracic splanchnic nerves (T1-5) of the medial sympathetic nerves of the sympathetic trunks
function- carry sensory and postganglionic sympathetic axons passing from the upper thoracic sympathetic chain to the aortic plexus
140
Lower thoracic splanchnic nerves (T5-12) of the medial sympathetic nerves of the sympathetic trunks, components
- Greater splanchnic nerve (T5-9) (G. splanchnon, viscus) - Lesser splanchnic nerve (T10-11) - Least splanchnic nerve (T12)
141
Greater splanchnic nerve (T5-9) (G. splanchnon, viscus) of the lower thoracic splanchnic nerves (T5-12) of the medial sympathetic nerves of the sympathetic trunks
function- carries preganglionic sympathetic axons to the celiac ganglion and sensory axons from the viscera supplied by the celiac artery
142
Lesser splanchnic nerve (T10-11) of the lower thoracic splanchnic nerves (T5-12) of the medial sympathetic nerves of the sympathetic trunks
function- carries preganglionic sympathetic axons to the superior mesenteric ganglion and sensory axons from the viscera supplied by the superior mesenteric artery
143
Least splanchnic nerve (T12) of the lower thoracic splanchnic nerves (t5-12) of the medial sympathetic nerves of the sympathetic trunks
function- carries preganglionic sympathetic axons to the aorticorenal ganglion and sensory axons from the viscera supplied by the renal, suprarenal and gonadal arteries
144
Lumbar splanchnic nerves (L1-5) of the medial sympathetic nerves of the sympathetic trunks
function- carries preganglionic sympathetic axons to the inferior mesenteric ganglion and scattered ganglia in the hypogastric plexus, and sensory axons from the viscera supplied by the inferior mesenteric and internal iliac arteries
145
Sacral splanchnic nerves (S1-5) of the medial sympathetic nerves of the sympathetic trunks
function- carries preganglionic sympathetic axons to scattered ganglia in the hypogastric plexus, and sensory axons from the viscera supplied by the inferior mesenteric and internal iliac arteries
146
Prevertebral Ganglia of the sympathetic trunks, components
- Celiac - Superior mesenteric - Aorticorenal - Inferior mesenteric
147
Celiac of the prevertebral ganglia of the sympathetic trunks
function- houses postganglionic sympathetic neuronal cell bodies innervating viscera supplied by branches of the celiac artery
148
Superior mesenteric of the prevertebral ganglia of the sympathetic trunks
function- houses postganglionic sympathetic neuronal cell bodies innervating viscera supplied by branches of the superior mesenteric artery
149
Aorticorenal of the prevertebral ganglia of the sympathetic trunks
function- houses postganglionic sympathetic neuronal cell bodies innervating viscera supplied by branches of the renal, suprarenal and gonadal arteries
150
Inferior mesenteric of the prevertebral ganglia of the sympathetic trunks
function- houses postganglionic sympathetic neuronal cell bodies innervating viscera supplied by branches of the inferior mesenteric artery
151
Plexuses (L. a braid) of the sympathetic trunks, components
- Cardiac - Pulmonary - Aortic - Celiac - Superior mesenteric - Aorticorenal - Inferior mesenteric - Hypogastric
152
Cardiac of the Plexuses (L. a braid) of the sympathetic trunks
function- carries sensory, postganglionic sympathetic (cardiopulmonary splanchnic nerves) and preganglionic parasympathetic (vagal) axons innervating the heart and coronary arteries
153
Pulmonary of the plexuses (L. a braid) of the sympathetic trunks
function- carries sensory, postganglionic sympathetic (cardiopulmonary splanchnic nerves) and preganglionic parasympathetic (vagal) axons to the pulmonary and bronchial arteries, trachea and bronchi
154
Aortic of the plexuses (L. a braid) of the sympathetic trunks
function- carries sensory and postganglionic sympathetic axons (upper thoracic splanchnic nerves) to the thoracic aorta and its branches
155
Celiac of the plexuses (L. a braid) of the sympathetic trunks
function- carrries sensory, preganglionic sympathetic (greater splanchnic nerves), postganglionic sympathetic (from the celiac ganglion) and preganglionic parasympathetic (vagal) axons to the viscera supplied by the celiac artery
156
Superior mesenteric of the plexuses (L. a braid) of the sympathetic trunks
function- carries sensory, preganglionic sympathetic (lesser splanchnic nerves), postganglionic sympathetic (from the superior mesenteric ganglion), and preganglionic parasympathetic axons (vagus) to the viscera supplied by the superior mesenteric artery
157
Aorticorenal of the plexuses (L. a braid) of the sympathetic trunks
function- carries sensory, preganglionic sympathetic (least splanchnic nerves), postganglionic sympathetic (from the aorticorenal ganglion), and preganglionic parasympathetic axons (vagus) to the viscera supplied by the renal, suprarenal and gonadal arteries
158
Inferior mesenteric of the plexuses (L. a braid) of the sympathetic trunks
function- carries sensory, preganglionic sympathetic (lumbar splanchnic nerves), postganglionic sympathetic (from the inferior mesenteric ganglion), and preganglionic parasympathetic axons (pelvic splanchnic) to the viscera supplied by the inferior mesenteric artery
159
Hypogastric of the plexuses (L. a braid) of the sympathetic trunks
function- carries sensory, preganglionic sympathetic (lumbar splanchnic nerves), postganglionic sympathetic (from scattered ganglia), and preganglionic parasympathetic axons (pelvic splanchnic nerves) to the viscera supplied by the internal iliac artery
160
Parasympathetic nerves
- Vagus nerve (L. wandering) - Pelvic splanchnic nerves (S2-4) - Pudendal nerve
161
Vagus nerve (L. wandering) of the parasympathetic trunks, components
- Left recurrent laryngeal n. | - Vagal trunks
162
Vagus nerve (L. wandering) function
function- carries preganglionic parasympathetic axons innervating thoracic and abdominal viscera to the level of the left colic flexure, and sensory axons innervating the same viscera
163
Vagal trunks of vagus nerve, function
function- carries preganglionic parasympathetic axons innervating abdominal viscera to the level of the left colic flexure, and sensory axons innervating the same viscera
164
Pelvic splanchnic nerves (S2-4) of parasympathetic trunk
function- carry sensory and preganglionic parasympathetic axons innervating the descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum, bladder, uterus and erectile tissues
165
Pudendal nerve of parasympathetic trunk
function- carries preganglionic parasympathetic axons to the corpus spongiosum (bulb of the vestibule) and corpora cavernosa (other pudendal functions are listed above)
166
Veins of the trunk
- Superior vena cava - Cardiac - Pulmonary - Inferior vena cava
167
Superior vena cava components
- Brachiocephalic | - Azygos (arch) (G. without a yoke, unpaired)
168
Brachiocephalic of superior vena cava, components
- Subclavian v. - Internal jugular v. - Vertebral v. - 1st intercostal v. - Internal thoracic v. - Inferior thyroid v. - Left superior intercostal v. - Pericardiacophrenic v.
169
Vertebral v. of Brachiocephalic of the superior vena cava, components
External vertebral venous plexus
170
External vertebral venous plexus of the vertebral v. of the brachiocephalic of the superior vena cava, function
Internal vertebral venous plexus (radicular veins [L. root])
171
Azygos (arch) (G. without a yoke, unpaired) of the superior vena cava
- Posterior intercostal veins - Right superior intercostal v. - Esophageal veins - Hemiazygos v. - Accessory hemiazygos v. - Right ascending lumbar v. - Right subcostal v. - Right lumbar azygos v.
172
Hemiazygos v. of the Azygos (arch) (G. without a yoke, unpaired) of the superior vena cava
- Left ascending lumbar v. - Left subcostal v. - Left lumbar azygos v. - L. posterior intercostals veins
173
Left ascending lumbar v. of the Hemiazygos v. of the Azygos (arch) (G. without a yoke, unpaired) of the superior vena cava
-Left lumbar v.
174
Right ascending lumbar v. of the Hemiazygos v. of the Azygos (arch) (G. without a yoke, unpaired) of the superior vena cava
Right lumbar v.
175
Cardiac veins
- Coronary sinus (starts where the posterior vein of the left ventricle drains into the great cardiac vein) - Anterior cardiac veins
176
Coronary sinus (starts where the posterior vein of the left ventricle drains into the great cardiac vein) of the cardiac veins, components
- Great cardiac v. - Posterior vein of the left ventricle - Middle cardiac v. - Small cardiac v.
177
Pulmonary vein components
- Inferior left - Superior left - Inferior right - Superior right
178
Inferior vena cava components
- Common iliac v. - Renal v. - Right inferior phrenic v. - Right suprarenal v. - Right testicular (ovarian) v. - Hepatic veins (right, middle & left) - Lumbar veins
179
Common iliac v.
- External iliac v. | - Internal iliac vein
180
External iliac v. of the common iliac v. of the inferior vena cava
- Inferior epigastric v. - Deep circumflex iliac v. - Femoral vein .
181
Internal iliac vein of the common iliac v. of the inferior vena cava
- Superior gluteal v. - Inferior gluteal v. - Obturator v. - Lateral sacral v. - Internal pudendal v. - Middle rectal v. - Uterine v. - Vesical v.
182
Internal pudendal v. of the internal iliac vein of the common iliac v. of the inferior vena cava, components
Inferior rectal v.
183
Inferior rectal v. of the internal pudendal v. of the internal iliac veing of the common iliac v. of the inferior vena cava, plexus
Rectal venous plexus
184
Middle rectal v. of the internal iliac vein of the common iliac v. of the inferior vena cava, plexus
Rectal venous plexus
185
Uterine v. of the internal iliac vein of the common iliac v. of the inferior vena cava, plexus
Uterine venous plexus (female)
186
Vesical v. of the internal iliac vein of the common iliac v. of the inferior vena cava, plexus
- Prostatic venous plexus (male) | - Vesical plexus
187
Prostatic venous plexus (male) of the Vesical v. of the internal iliac vein of the common iliac v. of the inferior vena cava
Deep dorsal vein of penis (male)
188
Vesical plexus of the Vesical v. of the internal iliac vein of the common iliac v. of the inferior vena cava
Deep dorsal vein of clitoris (female)
189
Renal v. of the inferior vena cava, components
- Segmental veins - Left gonadal v. - Left Suprarenal (Left Inferior phrenic) v.
190
Right testicular (ovarian) v. of the inferior vena cava, plexus
Pampiniform plexus (male) (L. pampinus, a tendril + forma, form)
191
Hepatic veins (right, middle & left) of the inferior vena cava, components
- Central veins (from sinusoids) | - Hepatic portal vein (via central and sinusoids)
192
Hepatic portal vein (via central and sinusoids) of the Hepatic veins (right, middle & left) of the inferior vena cava
- Superior mesenteric v. - Splenic vein - Left gastric v. - Right gastric v. - Superior pancreaticoduodental v. - Para-umbilical v. - Cystic v.
193
Superior mesenteric v. of the Hepatic portal vein (via central and sinusoids) of the Hepatic veins (right, middle & left) of the inferior vena cava, components
- Right gastro-epiploic v. - Inferior pancreaticoduodenal v. - Jejunal veins - Ileal veins - Ileocolic v. - Right colic v. - Middle colic v.
194
Splenic vein of the Hepatic portal vein (via central and sinusoids) of the Hepatic veins (right, middle & left) of the inferior vena cava, components
- Short gastric veins - Left gastro-epiploic v. - Pancreatic veins - Inferior mesenteric v.
195
Inferior mesenteric v. of the Splenic vein of the Hepatic portal vein (via central and sinusoids) of the Hepatic veins (right, middle & left) of the inferior vena cava,
- Left colic v. - Sigmoid veins - Superior rectal v. (rectal venous plexus)
196
Viscera of the respiratory system
- Trachea - Bronchi - Lungs - Pleura (G. a rib, the side)
197
Trachea viscera
carina [L. keel of boat]
198
Bronchi viscera
- right and left main - lobar - segmental
199
Lungs viscera
- Right | - Left
200
Right lung viscera
- Apex - Lobes (upper, middle & lower) - Fissures (oblique & horizontal)
201
left lung viscera
- apex - Lobes (upper & lower) - Oblique fissure - Lingula (L. tongue)
202
Pleura (G. a rib, the side) viscera
- Visceral | - Parietal
203
Parietal of the pleura viscera
- Regions (cervical, costovertebral, diaphragmatic & mediastinal) - Reflections (costodiaphragmatic, costomediastinal & costovertebral) - Recesses (costodiaphragmatic & costomediastinal) - Pulmonary ligament
204
Heart viscera regions
- Right atrium - Left atrium - Right ventricle - Left ventricle - Surface - Pericardium
205
Right atrium viscera
- Crista terminalis (L. crest) - Septum (fossa ovalis) (L. saeptum, a partition) - Orificies - Pectinate muscles
206
Orificies of the right atrium viscera, components
- atrioventricular - coronary sinus - inferior vena cava - superior vena cava
207
Left atrium viscera
- Foramen ovale | - Orifices
208
Orifices of the left atrium viscera
- atrioventricular | - pulmonary veins
209
Right ventricle viscera
- A-V valve - Conus arteriosus - Orificies - Pulmonary valve (cusp) - Wall
210
A-V valve of the right ventricle viscera
- cusps - chordae tendinae - papillary muscles [L. a nipple])
211
Orificies of the right ventricle viscera
- Atrioventricular | - Pulmonary trunk
212
Wall of the right ventricle
- Trabeculae carnae [l. beam of flesh] | - Septomarginal trabecula
213
Left ventricle
- Aortic valve (cusps) - Orificies - A-V valve - Interventricular septum - Wall
214
Orificies of the left ventricle, viscera
- Aortic | - Atrioventricular
215
A-V valve of the left ventricle viscera
- Cusps - Chordae tendinae - Papillary muscles
216
Wall of the left ventricle viscera
Trabeculae carnae
217
Surface of the heart viscera
- Apex - Auricles [L. ear] - Coronary & interventricular sulci
218
Pericardium of the heart viscera
- Layers (fibrous, serous) | - Pericardial sinus
219
Pericardial sinus of the paricardium viscera
- Transverse | - Oblique
220
Mediastinum viscera
- Divisions - Esophagus - Thoracic duct - Thymus
221
Divisions of the medaistinum viscera
- Superior - Anterior - Middle - Posterior
222
Abdominal and Pelvic Viscera
- Esophagus - Peritoneum (L. to stretch over) - Stomach - Small intestine - Large intestine - Pancreas - Liver - Gall bladder
223
Peritoneum (L. to stretch over) viscera
- Ligaments - Folds - Pouches - Mesenteries - Greater omentum
224
Ligaments of the peritoneium
- Coronary - Falciform (L. falx, sickle shaped) - Gastrophrenic - Gastrosplenic - Hepatic triangular - Lesser omentum - Hepatorenal - Lienorenal - Phrenicocolic - Teres (L. round)
225
Falciform (L. falx, sickle shaped) ligament of the peritoneium, details
details- surrounds ligamentum teres & paraumbilical v.
226
Gastrophrenic ligament of the peritoneium, details
details- from abdominal esophagus to diaphragm
227
Gastrosplenic ligament of the peritoneium, details
details- surrounds short gastric vessels)
228
Lesser omentum ligament of the peritoneium, components
- Hepatoduodenal - Hepatogastric - Epiploic foramen
229
Hepatoduodenal of the lesser omentum ligament of the peritoneium, details
details- surrounds hepatic a., bile duct & portal v.
230
Hepatogastric of the lesser omentum ligament of the peritoneium, details
details- surrounds left gastric vessels
231
Epiploic foramen of the lesser omentum ligament of the peritoneium, details
details- communication between greater and lesser sacs
232
Hepatorenal ligament details
details- reflection of coronary ligament onto the right kidney
233
Lienorenal ligament details
details- surrounds splenic vessels
234
Phrenicocolic ligament details
details- from splenic flexure of colon to diaphragm
235
Teres (L. round) ligament details
details- fetal umbilical vein
236
Folds of the peritoneium
- Median umbilical - Medial umbilical - Lateral umbilical
237
Median umbilical fold details
details- surrounds urachus
238
Medial umbilical fold details
details- surrounds umbilical arteries
239
Lateral umbilical fold details
details- surrounds inferior epigastric vessels
240
Pouches of the peritoneium
- Rectouterine | - Rectovesical
241
Mesenteries of the peritoneium
- Mesentery proper - Sigmoid mesocolon - Transverse mesocolon
242
Mesentery proper of the peritoneum, details
details- surrounds branches of the superior mesenteric vessels
243
Sigmoid mesocolon of the peritoneum, details
details- surrounds branches of the inferior mesenteric vessels
244
Transverse mesocolon of the peritoneum, details
details- surrounds branches of the middle colic vessels
245
Stomach viscera
- Surface features | - Internal features
246
Internal features of the stomach viscera
- Folds - Cardiac & pyloric [L. a gatekeeper] orifices, - Pyloric sphinchter
247
Surface features of the stomach viscera
- Fundus [L. bottom] - Body - Greater & lesser curvatures - Cardiac region - Pylorus
248
Small intestine regions
- Duodenum - Jejunum - Ileum
249
Duodenum viscera divisions
- Free - Descending - Horizontal - Ascending
250
Descending viscera of the duodenum
-Duodenal papillae (major & minor)
251
Jejunum viscera
Duodenojejunal flexture (junction)
252
Large intestine regions
- Surface features - Cecum (L. blind) - Ascending colon - Transverse colon - Descending colon - Sigmoid colon - Rectum - Anus
253
Surface features of the large intestine viscera
- Teniae coli [G. tainia, band, tape] - Haustra [L. to draw up, drink up from resemblance to buckets on a water wheel] - Appendices epiploicae)
254
Cecum (L. blind) of the large intestine viscera
- Ileocecal junction | - Veriform [L. worm form] appendix
255
Ascending colon of the large intestine viscera
-Right colic flexure
256
Descending colon viscera
Left or splenic flexure
257
Rectum viscera
Ampulla [l. saccular dilation of a canal]
258
Anus viscera
- Columns - Valves - Sinuses
259
Pancreas viscera
- Parts | - Pancreatic duct
260
Parts of pancreatic viscera
- Head - Neck - Body - Tail - Uncinate [L. uncus, hook] process
261
Liver viscera regions
- Lobes - Surface features - Internal features
262
Lobes of liver viscera
- Right - Left - Quadrate - Caudate
263
Surface features of liver viscera
- Posterior surface | - Inferior surface
264
Inferior surface of liver viscera features
- Impression for gall baldder - Fissure for ligamentum teres - Porta [L. gate] hepatis
265
Posterior surface of liver viscera features
- Caval groove | - Fissure for ligamentum venosum
266
internal features of liver viscera
- Hepatic veins | - Portal triads
267
Gall bladder divisions
- Fundus - Body - Neck
268
Ducts of gall bladder
- Common - Cystic - Hepatic
269
Urogenital Viscera
- Kidneys - Ureter - Urinary bladder - Urethra
270
Kidneys Surface features
- Superior pole - Inferior pole - Hilum [L. a small bit or trifle] - Capsule - . Sinus
271
Kidneys Internal features
- Cortex [L. bark] - Medulla [L. marrow, middle] - Pelvis
272
Cortex [L. bark] of the kidneys
Columns
273
Medulla [L. marrow, middle] of the kidneys
Pyramids | -papillae
274
Pelvis of the kidneys
Major & minor calices [L. cup of a flower]
275
Retroperitoneal features of the kidneys
- Pararenal fat - Perirenal fat - Renal fascia
276
Urinary bladder Surface features
- Apex - Fundus - Neck - Urachus
277
Urinary bladder Internal features
- Ureathral orifice - Ureteric orifices - Trigone
278
Male Urethra
- Prostatic segment - Membranous segment - Spongy segment
279
Prostatic segment of male urethra
- Prostatic sinus | - Colliculus semilunaris
280
Membranous segment of male urethra
Bulbourethral glands
281
Male Reproductive Viscera
- Scrotum - Testis - Epididymis - Spermatic cord - Ductus deferens - Seminal [L. seed] vesicle - Prostate - Penis
282
Scrotum components
- Raphe - Septum - Dartos muscle
283
Testis components
- Tunica [L. coating] albuginea [L. white] - Tunica vaginalis - Efferent ductules
284
Epididymis components
- Head - Body - Tail
285
Ductus deferens components
Ampulla
286
Seminal [L. seed] vesicle components
Ejaculatory duct
287
Penis Parts (components :))
- Root - Body - Fascia
288
Root of penis components
- Crura [L. limb, leg] | - Bulb
289
Body of penis components
Corpus spongiosum - Glans - Corpora cavernosum
290
Fascia of penis components
- Fundiform ligament - Suspensory ligament - Superficial - Deep - Tunica albuginea
291
Female Reproductive Viscera
- Ovary - Uterine tubes - Uterus - External genitilia - Breast
292
Ovary ligaments
- Ovarian | - Suspensory
293
Peritoneal folds of ovary
- Mesovarium - Mesosalpinx [G. salpinx, trumpet] - Mesometrium [G. metra, uterus]
294
Mesovarium fold of ovary details
Details- surrounds ovarian & suspensory ligaments, & ovarian vessels
295
Mesosalpinx [G. salpinx, trumpet] fold of ovary details
Details- surrounds uterine tubes
296
Mesometrium [G. metra, uterus] fold of ovary details
Details- surrounds uterine vessels
297
Uterine tubes components
- Fimbria [L. fringe] - Ampulla - Infundibulum [L. a funnel] - Isthmus [narrow passage connecting two larger cavities]
298
Uterus components
- Fundus - Corpus - Cervix [L. neck])
299
female External genitilia
- Mons [L. mountain] pubis - Labia majora - Labia minora - Clitoris - Vagina
300
Labia majora components
- Anterior commissure - Posterior commissure - Pudendal cleft
301
Labia minora components
- Frenulum [L. small bridle] | - Prepuce [L. foreskin])
302
Clitoris components
- Corpus - Glans [L. acorn] - Crus
303
Vagina components
- Bulb of the vestibule - Fornices [L. vault, arch] - Orifice - Greater vestibular glands
304
Breast components
- Nipple - Areola [L. area] - Lactiferous ducts - Suspensory ligaments

Anatomy Unit 2 (11 decks)

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