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B complex Flashcards

1
Q

B1

A

thiamine

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2
Q

B2

A

riboflavin

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3
Q

B3

A

niacin

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4
Q

B5

A

pantothenic acid

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5
Q

B6

A

pyridoxine

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6
Q

B12

A

cobalamin

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7
Q

Thiamine/B1 RDA

A

F - 1.1 mg/day
1.5 mg/day needed in pregnancy and lactation
M - 1.2 mg/day

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8
Q

Thiamine/B1 active form

A

thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP)
= 95% of B1 in animals
[plants = non-phosphorylated form]
requires Mg and ATP for phosphorylation to active form

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9
Q

Thiamine/B1 functions

A

coenzyme

  • energy transformation
  • synthesis of NADP
  • synthesis of RNA and DNA
  • nerve conduction (regulates sodium channels)
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10
Q

Thiamine/B1 functions: energy transformation

A 
enzymes:
- PDH
- alpha ketoglutarate dehydrogenase
(also require B2, B3, and lipoid acid)
- transketolase (NADPH and pentose synthesis)
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11
Q

Thiamine/B1 deficiency

A

mild = fatigue, insomnia, HAs
beriberi
- dry: peripheral neuropathy, diminished reflexes, muscle spasm/pain/tenderness
- wet: CV manifestions - tachycardia, cardiomegaly, peripheral edema, CHF
- cerebral (W-K syndrome): ophthalmoplegia, ataxia, memory loss/confusion

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12
Q

Thiamine/B1 food sources

A 
whole grains
enriched flour
nuts/seeds = esp sunflower
legumes
peas
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13
Q

Coenzymes made with riboflavin/B2

A

FAD - flavin adenine dinucleotide

FMN - flavin mononucleotide

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14
Q

Riboflavin/B2 RDA

A

F - 1.1 mg/day

M - 1.3 mg/day

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15
Q

Riboflavin/B2 absorption

A

bound to protein, must be released by HCl and peptidases
95% absorbed in proximal SI up to 25 mg
stored for 2-6 weeks

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16
Q

Riboflavin/B2 functions

A

FMN and FAD = part of flavoproteins
- metabolism of carbs, lipids, proteins
- redox rxns: ETC, CYP450 metabolism, beta-oxidation
Dopamine synthesis (monoamine oxidase)
Uric acid metabolism (xanthine oxidase)
Glutathione regeneration (glutathione reductase)
Vitamin metabolism (B6, B3, folate)

17
Q

Riboflavin/B2 excess

A

none known

18
Q

Riboflavin/B2 deficiency

A 
= rare, called ariboflavinosis
cheilosis
angular stomatitis
glossitis
seborrheic dermatitis

may lead to high homocysteine levels

19
Q

Increased risk for riboflavin/B2 deficiency

A

DM
stress
OCP
alcoholism

20
Q

Riboflavin/B2 food sources

A 
dairy (highest)
eggs
mushrooms
meat
almonds
leafy greens
grains
21
Q

Niacin/B3 RDA

A

F - 14 mg/day
M - 16 mg/day
can be synthesized endogenously from tryptophan (2-3%)
[aka nicotinic acid/niacinamide]

22
Q

Niacin/B3 bioavailability

A

stable in foods (minimal loss from cooking/storing)
bound in complex carbs - corn/wheat
- only 10% available for absorption

23
Q

Niacin/B3 functions

A 
Redox rxns
- pyruvate decarboxylase
- oxidation of acetylCoA in TCA cycle
- beta-oxidation
- oxidation of alcohol
- biosynthesis of FAs and cholesterol
- proline synthesis
- glutathione and vit C regeneration
- folate synthesis
NADP used for anabolism/NAD used for catabolism
24
Q

Niacin/B3 excess

A

= from supplementation
hepatotoxicity and incr liver enzymes
niacin flush d/t histamine release, PGE2 and PGD2
GI distress - N/V

25
Q

Niacin/B3 deficiency

A 
= pellagra
dermatitis - symmetrical, thick, scaly
diarrhea - N/V, glossitis, angular stomatitis
dementia - HA, apathy, disorientation
death
26
Q

Niacin/B3 food sources

A 
meat
fish
peas
peanuts
mushrooms
eggs
enriched grains
27
Q

Pantothenic Acid/B5 adequate intake

A

5 mg/day

US consumption = 4-7 mg/day

28
Q

Pantothenic acid/B5 absorption

A

85% = bound to CoA in food

absorbed as pantothenic acid in jejunum via sodium-dependent multivitamin transporter

29
Q

Pantothenic acid/B5 absorption

A 
component of CoA
= necessary for synthesis of lipids, cholesterol, steroid hormones, ACh, melatonin
- component of intermediaries in TCA cycle and beta-oxidation
Acetylation rxns:
- changes in protein structure
- cell signaling
- DNA replication
- gene expression
30
Q

Pantothenic acid/B5 deficiency

A

very rare

burning feet syndrome

31
Q

Pantothenic acid/B5 food sources

A 
meat
egg yolk
mushrooms
potatoes
avocado
cruciferous vegetables
yogurt
whole grains
32
Q

Pyridoxine/B6 absorption

A

active form = pyridoxal 5-phosphate (PLP)
75% absorbed
destroyed by milling, refining, cooking

33
Q

Pyridoxine/B6 RDA

A

F - 1.5 mg/day

M - 1.7 mg/day

34
Q

Pyridoxine/B6 metabolism

A

liver = primary site; stores 5-10%
muscle stores 75-80%
half-life = 3-4 weeks

35
Q

Pyridoxine/B6 functions

A

Protein metabolism

  • AA biosynthesis: trans/deamination
  • Neurotransmitter synthesis: Serotonin, DA, GABA
  • Hemoglobin synthesis
  • Glucose metabolism: gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis
  • nucleic acid synthesis: homocysteine metabolism
36
Q

Pyridoxine/B6 deficiency

A

hyperhomocysteinemia
depression/depressed mood
sideroblastic anemia, usu normocytic or macrocytic

37
Q

Pyridoxine/B6 food sources

A 
fish - salmon, tuna
meat
sunflower seeds
spinach
grains
potatoes
bananas
nuts

Nutrition (9 decks)

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