Anthropometrics Flashcards
Anthropometrics: limitations
cannot ID specific nutrient deficiencies or early signs
must consider non-nutritional factors that affect nutritional status
Anthropometric assessment overview
vitals
height/weight/BMI
waist-to-hip ratio
waist circumference
Assessment of body composition
BMI Circumference: waist and hip Skin fold thickness Bioelectric impedance DEXA
BMI
weight (kg)/height (m) OR wt (lbs)/ht (in) x 705
semi-reliable
used to determine risk of chronic disease
- CVD, DMII, sleep apnea
BMI limitations
unsuitable for athletes, pregnant/lactating people, adults > 65 yo
does not account for fat distribution or lean muscle mass
Waist circumference: protocol
overnight fast
little clothing
stand erect with abs relaxed, arms at side, and weight equally divided on both legs
end of expiration
take measurement halfway btw lowest rib margin and iliac crest
record to nearest 0.5 cm
Waist circumference: benefits
predicts mortality better than any other anthropometric measurement
indicator of abdominal obesity
Waist circumference: increased risks
DM II
HTN
gall stones
heart dz/dyslipidemia
Waist circumference: ranges
women:
- normal = 64 - 80 cm
- overweight = 80 - 88 cm
- obese = > 88
men:
- normal = 78 - 94 cm
- overweight = 94 - 102 cm
- obese = > 102
Hip circumference: protocol
same as waist
greater trochanter = landmark
Waist-to-hip ratio
taken in inches
low risk = < 0.8 (F) or < 0.95 (M)
mod risk = 0.81 - 0.85 (F) or 0.96 - 1.0 (M)
high risk = > 0.85 (F) or > 1.0 (M)
Adipose distribution: Gynoid obesity
incr subcutaneous fat risk for food allergies intestinal permeability dysbiosis HPATG axis dysfx
Android obesity
incr visceral adipose tissue (located in mesentery and omentum)
= more cellular, vascular, innervated, metabolically active than subQ fat
VAT health risks
incr inflm insulin resistance CV health risks cognitive abnormalities - dementia/alzheimer's
Bioelectrical impedance
estimates body fat composition
within 3-10% accuracy
avg fat mass = 22% (m) 32% (f)
