B & B biochem Flashcards
limitation of BMI
does not account for body composition
- fuel sensing and feeding control center
- associated with MSH and agouti-related proteins
arcuate nucleus in the hypothalamus
suppresses hunger through release of anorexigenic peptides
Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH)
stimulates appetite by inhibiting the actions of MSH
agouti-related proteins
hormone secreted by white adipose tissue
- reduces hunger by interaction with hypothalamus
- level drops during starvation
Leptin
hormone produced by the stomach and duodenum
- secretion rises between meal when stomach is empty
- acts on arcuate to cause release of agouti-related protein and increase food intake
Ghrelin
secreted by the anterior pituitary and stimulates the adrenal cortex to synthesize & release cortisol
-cortisol acts on tissues to change enzyme levels and distribute nutrients to prepare for acute stress
ACTH
protein malnutrition
person appears extremely thin with depleted muscle mass and adipose tissue
prominent bones and skin drooping from body
Marasmus
poor visceral protein status
below normal total protein, albumin, retinol-binding protein and prealbumin (transthyretin) in the blood
-see edema because water diffuses from vascular space to interstitial space
-also seen with burns, sepsis, trauma, following major surgery
Kwashiorkor
primary nutrients contributing to energy (in order)
- alcohol
- carbohydrate
- fat
de novo fatty acids being made from excess carbohydrates, resulting in adipocyte hypertrophy
positive energy balance
results in weight loss over time
negative energy balance
energy expenditure includes
- basal metabolic rate
- thermic effect of foods
- effect of exercise/physical activity
presenting symptom that often causes women with anorexia nervosa to seek medical attention
amenorrhea (absence for 3 cycles)
frequent cause of hospitalization in bulimia nervosa
electrolyte imbalance
