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Gross Anatomy > axial skeleton > Flashcards

axial skeleton Flashcards

1
Q

what are IVDs classified as?

A

symphyses

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2
Q

functions of IVDs?

A

bearing weight, dissipating shock due to high water content, distributes loads, flexible buffer between rigid vertebrae and adequate motion at low loads, stability at higher loads

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3
Q

where are IVDs the thinnest?

A

upper thoracic and sacrum, flat.

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4
Q

where are IVDs thickest?

A

lumbar region

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5
Q

are IVDs thicker anteriorly or posteriorly in cranial and lumbar regions?

A

thicker anteriorly to help create spinal curvatures

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6
Q

structural scoliosis

A

hemi vertebrae

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7
Q

functional scoliosis

A

muscles tight on one side of body

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8
Q

annulus fibrosis

A

outer collagneous zone with wider, inner fibrocartilage zone

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9
Q

why does annulus fibrosis have oblique arrangement of fibers?

A

gives torsional strength to disc

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10
Q

functions of annulus fibrosis?

A

enclose and retain nucleus pulposus, absorb compresive shocks, structural unit between vertebral bodies, and allows restricted motion

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11
Q

nucleus pulposus

A

high water content, remains of notochord. more posterior than anterior, dehydrates with age!

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12
Q

function of nucelus pulposus

A

resilient spacer allowing motion between vertebrae and distributes compressive forces

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13
Q

costovertebral joint is what kind of joint?

A

plane synovial

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14
Q

what ligaments are associate with the costovertebral joints?

A

radiate ligaments and interarticular ligament, both extrinsic

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15
Q

costotransverse joints do not exist where?

A

T11/12

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16
Q

what kind of joint is a costotransverse joint?

A

plane synovial

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17
Q

in a costotransverse joint, ribs articulate with what vertebrae relative to them?

A

rib below articulates with vertebrae. for example T7 would articulate with rib 8

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18
Q

ligaments associate with costotransverse joint?

A

costotransverse ligament, lateral costotransverse ligament, and superior costotransverse ligament, all extrinsic ligaments

19
Q

sternoclavicular joint is what kind of joint?

A

sellar saddle joint

20
Q

what kind of joint are costochondral joints?

A

synchondroses

21
Q

what kind of joint are interchondral joints?

A

synchondroses

22
Q

what does the radiate sternocostal ligament do and where is it located?

A

ribs 1-7 (true ribs), prevents anterior dislocation from sternum.

23
Q

what does the interarticular sternocostal ligament do and where is it located?

A

located at rib 2 at jugular notch. rib 2 is hypermobile so prevents displacement of sternum.

24
Q

what does ALL do?

A

limits extension!

25
Q

what does Anterior antantoocippital membrane do?

A

limit extension?

26
Q

where is anterior atlantoaxial membrane located?

A

between C1/2

27
Q

where is anterior atlantooccipital membrane located?

A

between occipital and C1

28
Q

what does PLL do?

A

limit flexion!

29
Q

parts of ALL?

A

anterior atlantooccipital membrane and anterior atlantoaxial membrane

30
Q

what are non segmental syndesmoses of the spine?

A

ALL, PLL, supraspinous ligament, and lig nuchae

31
Q

what does supraspinous ligament do?

A

prevent separation of spinous processes during movement

32
Q

what is role of lig nuchae?

A

passively support head

33
Q

what are the segmental syndesmoses?

A

ligamentum flavum, interspinous ligaments, intertransverse ligaments, accessory ligament, cruciate ligament, apical ligament of dens

34
Q

function of ligamentum flava?

A

break separation between laminae during flexion of spine

35
Q

function of interspinous ligament?

A

connects adjacent spinous processes along length

36
Q

what do intertransverse ligaments do?

A

aid in lateral flexion, but very weak muscles.

37
Q

lateral atlantoaxial joints

A

between C1/2. plane, synovial joints.

38
Q

what does transverse atlantoaxial ligament do?

A

prevents C1 from sliding forward with dens

39
Q

atlantoaxial joints are what kind of joint?

A

pivot joint, rotates around axis.

40
Q

what forms cruciate ligament?

A

atlantal ligament and longitudinal fibers

41
Q

what blends with cranial dura and is the reason we get tension headaches? also a continuation of PLL?

A

tectorial membrane

42
Q

what is the function of alar ligaments?

A

relax in extension, tighten in flexion, and check rotation to contralateral side

43
Q

what attaches dens of axis to occipital bone?

A

apical dental ligament

Gross Anatomy (9 decks)

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