autonomics & chapman's points

Question 1

sympathetics

Answer 1

• thoracolumbar
• fight or flight
• functionally antagonistic to craniosacral fibers

Question 2

parasympathetics

Answer 2

• cranio-sacral
• everyday activity
• functionally antagonistic to thoracolumbar fibers

Question 3

what do the first 3 tenets of OMT have in common?

Answer 3

BALANCE
1. body is a unit
2. body is capable of self regulation, healing & health maintenance
3. structure & function are reciprocally related

Question 4

sympathetics

Answer 4

T1-L2

PNS: short pre gangs (Ach) w/ long post gangs (NE)
- paraspinal & prevertebral ganglia

excite organs stimulated during physical activity

upper limb = T2/3-6/7
lower limb = T10/11-L2/3

Question 5

3 major sympathetic abdominal ganglia

Answer 5

• celiac ganglia
• superior mesenteric ganglia
• inferior mesenteric ganglia

Question 6

OMT considerations for sympathetics

Answer 6

• rib raising
• paraspinal soft tissue inhibition
• celiac, sup, inf mesenteric releases
• chapman’s reflexes
• cervical paraspinal sympathetic ganglia

Question 7

OMT considerations for parasympathetics

Answer 7

• osteopathic cranial manipulative medicine (OCMM)
• OA tx & down to maybe C3
• sacral tx

Question 8

basic reflex

Answer 8

• one input, one output
• no interaction with other reflex networks
• inaccurate & inadequate

Question 9

even more complex reflex

Answer 9

• more authentic reflex pathway
• every spinal interneuron receives visceral & somatic stimuli

Question 10

viscero-somatic reflex

Answer 10

• pain, congested tissue, muscle tightness
  1st synapse = lateral horn - pregang symp cell bodies
• ventral horn = cell bodies to skeletal muscle

Question 11

what is spinal facilitation?

Answer 11

maintenance of pool of neurons in a state of partial or subthreshold excitation - in this state less afferent stimulation is required to trigger the discharge of impulses

• indicates an area of impairment or restriction develops a lower threshold for irritation & dysfunction when other structures are stuck
• facilitated segments are hyperirritable & hyperresponsive

Question 12

somatosomatic reflex

Answer 12

a stimulus to a somatic tissue causes a reflex back to somatic tissue to react

Question 13

viscerosomatic reflex

Answer 13

• rubbery end feel
• if an SD returns within hours or a few days consider this reflex

ex - MI with jaw & arm pain, perforated stomach pain cause SD at T6-9

Question 14

viscerovisceral reflex

Answer 14

stimulus to a somatic tissue causes reflex back to visceral tissue to react

ex. - gut distension = inc perstaltic contractions, GB reflex = inc symp activity to stomach = inc emptying

Question 15

somatovisceral reflex

Answer 15

pain causing HR increase

Question 16

psychosomatic

Answer 16

anxiety causing HR increase

Question 17

Chapman’s reflex points

Answer 17

• neurolymphatic points
• gangliform contraction (pin head to almond size)
• used for dx, influencing fluid/lymph movement

Question 18

tender point

Answer 18

• tendon attachments, muscle belly, ligaments
• discrete, small, tense, edematous, fingertip size
• tender, localized
• SD
• tx with CS

Question 19

Chapman’s point

Answer 19

• subQ tissue, fascia, mm, lig
• gangliform, granular, contracted, edematous, ropy, size pin head to almond
• might not be tender, well localized
• viscerosomatic reflex
• rotatory stimulation for 20-60 seconds

Question 20

trigger point

Answer 20

• fibers in mid portion of mm, myotendinous junction
• knots in mm or rope like taut band at tendon
• tender, localized, based on myofascial anatomy
• local pathophys within muscle
• injection, dry needle, compression, ME, CS