Autonomics and Somatic Reflexes with Introduction to Chapman's, Travelle's, and Jones - Schaffner Flashcards
What are the segments of origin of the PNS?
•Cranial nerves:
–CN III, VII, IX, X
•Sacral segments:
–S2-4
Parasympathetic DUMBBELS - this stands for…
- Diarrhea/Defecation
- Urination
- Meiosis–Pupils Contract
- Bradycardia
- Bronchospasm
- Emesis
- Lacrimation
- Salivation
•When treating the autonomics, never forget the?
OA
Nociceptive fibers travel with?
Non-nociceptive afferent input travels with the?
sympathetics
parasympathetics
_____________:
§localized somatic stimuli producing patterns of reflex response in segmentally related somatic structures.
somato-somatic reflex
what are three examples of the somato-somatic reflex?
a) DTRs
b) Withdrawal Reflex
c) T5 dysfunction caused by tight linea alba
_____________:
§localized somatic stimulation producing patterns of reflex response in segmentally related visceral structures.
somato-visceral reflex
What is an example of viscero-somatic reflex?
a)Cardiac Disease à Somatic Dysfunction T1-5 RSL
What is an example of somato-visceral reflex?
a)Spinal Manipulation àchanges in HR, BP, and sympathetic activity to kidney and adrenal medulla
__________: localized visceral stimuli producing patterns of reflex response in segmentally related visceral structures.
§Viscero-Visceral reflex
Examples of Viscero-Visceral reflex?
a) Gut Distention à Gut Contraction
b) Baroreceptor Reflex à Blood vessel stretch change causes change in heart rate
_______________: localized visceral stimuli producing patterns of reflex response in segmentally related somatic structures.
§Viscero-Somatic
Viscerosomatic reflexes are generally extended ______ dysfunctions
type II
Describe the two classes of trigger points.
–Active: refer pain at rest, with muscular activity, or with palpation
–Latent: produce pain only when probed with more steady pressure
What is a trigger point?
- “Hyperirritable spot in skeletal muscle that is associated with hypersensitive palpable nodule in a taut band”
- Painful on compression with radiating or referred pain, tenderness, motor dysfunction, and autonomic phenomena
How are trigger points treated?
•Treat with inhibitory soft tissue, deep massage, dry needling, injection with steroids and/or anesthetic, isometric MET, vapocoolant spray with myofascial stretch
Do trigger points radiate?
yes
What is the jump sign?
–Pt response to pain: wince or voluntary withdrawal
What is a local twitch? What does it’s presence indicate?
–Transient contraction of the taut band of fibers with the trigger point
–Presence differentiates between trigger point and fibromyalgia syndrome
What are tender points? What are they good for?
–Small, hypersensitive points in the myofascial tissues of the body
•Initial injury causes sudden unanticipated lengthening of the antagonistic muscle to the originally strained and painful agonist muscle
– Can be used as diagnostic criteria and treatment monitors
_________:
- Finger tip size, discrete, small, tense, and edematous
- No referred pain or radiation
- Location: usually in tendinous attachments or belly of muscles
- Treatment: counterstrain
Tender Points
______________:
- Hyperirritable spot with hypersensitive palpable nodules
- Referred pain pattern and radiation
- Location: in a taut band within skeletal muscle
- Treatment: inhibitory soft tissue, deep massage, injection, isometric MET, vapocoolant spray with myofascial stretch
Trigger points
What are chapman’s points? What are they good for?
•Gangliform contraction that may block lymphatic drainage, causing inflammation in distal tissues
–Believed to be part of sympathetic dysfunction
•Found in regions which overlap with visceral sympathetic efferent innervation
•Used for diagnosis, treatment, and evaluation
–Part of a viscero-somatic reflex
•Chapman and Owens clinical uses include…
1) For diagnosis
2) For influencing the motion of fluids, mostly lymph
3) For influencing visceral function through the peripheral nervous system
Describe the feel of chapmans points.
•Small, smooth, firm, discrete nodules in fixed anatomic locations
–Deep to skin and subcutaneous areolar tissue on deep fascia or periosteum
–Feel like a BB or split pea
How are Chapmans points paired? Anterior points are painful with?
•Usually paired anterior and posterior
–Anterior points often painful with light compression
Chapman’s points are tender, do they radiate?
No they don’t
What is the treatment for chapman’s points?
•Treatment: firm, circular pressure
–Attempt to flatten
–10-30 sec
