Autonomics and Somatic Reflexes with Introduction to Chapman's, Travelle's, and Jones - Schaffner

Question 1

What are the segments of origin of the PNS?

Answer 1

•Cranial nerves:
–CN III, VII, IX, X
•Sacral segments:
–S2-4

Question 2

Parasympathetic DUMBBELS - this stands for…

Answer 2

• Diarrhea/Defecation
• Urination
• Meiosis–Pupils Contract
• Bradycardia
• Bronchospasm
• Emesis
• Lacrimation
• Salivation

Question 3

•When treating the autonomics, never forget the?

Answer 3

OA

Question 4

Nociceptive fibers travel with?

Non-nociceptive afferent input travels with the?

Answer 4

sympathetics

parasympathetics

Question 5

_____________:

§localized somatic stimuli producing patterns of reflex response in segmentally related somatic structures.

Answer 5

somato-somatic reflex

Question 6

what are three examples of the somato-somatic reflex?

Answer 6

a) DTRs
b) Withdrawal Reflex
c) T5 dysfunction caused by tight linea alba

Question 7

_____________:

§localized somatic stimulation producing patterns of reflex response in segmentally related visceral structures.

Answer 7

somato-visceral reflex

Question 8

What is an example of viscero-somatic reflex?

Answer 8

a)Cardiac Disease à Somatic Dysfunction T1-5 RSL

Question 9

What is an example of somato-visceral reflex?

Answer 9

a)Spinal Manipulation àchanges in HR, BP, and sympathetic activity to kidney and adrenal medulla

Question 10

__________: localized visceral stimuli producing patterns of reflex response in segmentally related visceral structures.

Answer 10

§Viscero-Visceral reflex

Question 11

Examples of Viscero-Visceral reflex?

Answer 11

a) Gut Distention à Gut Contraction
b) Baroreceptor Reflex à Blood vessel stretch change causes change in heart rate

Question 12

_______________: localized visceral stimuli producing patterns of reflex response in segmentally related somatic structures.

Answer 12

§Viscero-Somatic

Question 13

Viscerosomatic reflexes are generally extended ______ dysfunctions

Answer 13

type II

Question 14

Describe the two classes of trigger points.

Answer 14

–Active: refer pain at rest, with muscular activity, or with palpation
–Latent: produce pain only when probed with more steady pressure

Question 15

What is a trigger point?

Answer 15

• “Hyperirritable spot in skeletal muscle that is associated with hypersensitive palpable nodule in a taut band”
• Painful on compression with radiating or referred pain, tenderness, motor dysfunction, and autonomic phenomena

Question 16

How are trigger points treated?

Answer 16

•Treat with inhibitory soft tissue, deep massage, dry needling, injection with steroids and/or anesthetic, isometric MET, vapocoolant spray with myofascial stretch

Question 17

Do trigger points radiate?

Answer 17

yes

Question 18

What is the jump sign?

Answer 18

–Pt response to pain: wince or voluntary withdrawal

Question 19

What is a local twitch? What does it’s presence indicate?

Answer 19

–Transient contraction of the taut band of fibers with the trigger point
–Presence differentiates between trigger point and fibromyalgia syndrome

Question 20

What are tender points? What are they good for?

Answer 20

–Small, hypersensitive points in the myofascial tissues of the body

•Initial injury causes sudden unanticipated lengthening of the antagonistic muscle to the originally strained and painful agonist muscle

– Can be used as diagnostic criteria and treatment monitors

Question 21

_________:

• Finger tip size, discrete, small, tense, and edematous
• No referred pain or radiation
• Location: usually in tendinous attachments or belly of muscles
• Treatment: counterstrain

Answer 21

Tender Points

Question 22

______________:

• Hyperirritable spot with hypersensitive palpable nodules
• Referred pain pattern and radiation
• Location: in a taut band within skeletal muscle
• Treatment: inhibitory soft tissue, deep massage, injection, isometric MET, vapocoolant spray with myofascial stretch

Answer 22

Trigger points

Question 23

What are chapman’s points? What are they good for?

Answer 23

•Gangliform contraction that may block lymphatic drainage, causing inflammation in distal tissues
–Believed to be part of sympathetic dysfunction
•Found in regions which overlap with visceral sympathetic efferent innervation
•Used for diagnosis, treatment, and evaluation
–Part of a viscero-somatic reflex

Question 24

•Chapman and Owens clinical uses include…

Answer 24

1) For diagnosis
2) For influencing the motion of fluids, mostly lymph
3) For influencing visceral function through the peripheral nervous system

Question 25

Describe the feel of chapmans points.

Answer 25

•Small, smooth, firm, discrete nodules in fixed anatomic locations
–Deep to skin and subcutaneous areolar tissue on deep fascia or periosteum
–Feel like a BB or split pea

Question 26

How are Chapmans points paired? Anterior points are painful with?

Answer 26

•Usually paired anterior and posterior
–Anterior points often painful with light compression

Question 27

Chapman’s points are tender, do they radiate?

Answer 27

No they don’t

Question 28

What is the treatment for chapman’s points?

Answer 28

•Treatment: firm, circular pressure
–Attempt to flatten
–10-30 sec