Autonomic Pharmacology and Toxicology Flashcards
Which structure uniquely is sympathetic but uses Ach as its neurotransmitter?
Sweat glands!
Skeletal muscle also uses Ach.
What medication blocks the choline/sodium channel?
Hemicholinumus
What medication acts as a blocker of the Ach carrier (VAT)?
Vesamicol
Which autonomic receptors are found on the iris constrictor muscles?
M3.
Just think muscarinic is parasympathetic.
Which autonomic receptors are found on the dilator muscle?
Alpha 1
Which autonomic receptors are found in the ciliary muscle?
M3 and Beta 2
Which autonomic receptors are found on the ciliary body?
Alpha 2 B1 and B2
Which receptors act to slow down the heart via Gi/Go?
M2 receptors.
Serve to decrease heart rate, conduction velocity, atrial contraction and ventricular contraction.
What role do M3 receptors have in the bronchi and Bronchioles?
What about the bronchiolar submucosal glands?
Causes contraction and bronchospasm in bronchi and bronchioles.
Causes secretion and narrowing of the lumen in the lungs.
What effects does M3 have on intact endothelium vs damaged endothelium?
Intact endothelium will allow for relaxation.
If the vasculature is not intact it will lead to vasoconstriction.
What is the one muscle that does not relax in response to M3 stimulation?
Lower esophageal sphincter constricts.
Whats the Methacholine test?
This is a test to cholinergic hypersensitity within the bronchi. Stimulates bronchoconstriction.
The mushroom muscarine causes what disorders?
This is an extreemly strong ach agonists.
Look for a very wet appearance.
What is pilocarpine the drug of choice for?
This is the drug of choice for glaucoma!
What is unique about carbachol?
This is both a muscarinic agonist and a nicotinic agonist.
commonly used to treat glaucoma.
What is the use and MoA of the drug Benztropine?
Acts as a CNS Ach antagonists allowing reestablishment of the dopamine Ach balance in alzheimers patients.
What class of drugs are Hexamethonium and Mecamylamine?
These are both nicotinic receptor antagonists.
Basically block whichever autonomic system they are introduced into.
What is the difference between phase 1 and phase 2 blockade following succinylcholine administration?
Phase 1 causes a consistant paralysis through binding the outside of the Nm channel. These can be altered by AchE inhibitors.
Phase 2 is consistant desensitization of the postsynaptic Nm receptors. this prevents depolarization.
Reserpin blocks VMAT, what does this relate to?
This relates to the blockage of VMAT.
Essentially monoamines cannot be stored.
Bretylium blocks VAMP, what is the purpose of this?
Bretylium blocks VAMP which essentially works by stopping the release of NE into the synapse.
What Gcpr does Alpha 1 use?
Alpha 1 uses Gq to elevate PKC.
what Gpcr does Beta1 and Beta2 use?
These two use Gs to elevate cAMP.
What is the function and method by which the drug Phenylephrine used?
This is an alpha 1 agonist used to treat hypotension and shock.
Causes an increase in HR and TPR
The drug clonidine works by what method and how is it to be used?
Clonidine works to agonize Alpha 2.
This makes for excellent glaucoma treatment by decreasing aqeous humor production.
Which three receptors are responsible for aqueous humor control?
Alpha 2
Beta1
Beta 2
What are the use of the drugs metaproernol and terbutaline?
Metaproernol and terbutaline are both used for the treatment of obstructive airway diseases.
Both of these are B2 selective.
Terbutaline specifically is used for emergent status asthmaticus (IV)
What mechanism does Albuterol work by?
Albuterol works specifically on B2 receptors to stop bronchospasm.
What is one of the main uses for the drug Ritodrine?
This drug serves to use as a uterine relaxant.
Fenoldopam, what does it do baby!?
Is a D1 agonist with some stimulation of alpha2 adrenoceptors.
Used most commonly in hypertensive crisis!
What is the beautiful use of the drug isoproterenol?
This drug is beautifully used to agonize Beta receptors WITHOUT EFFECTING ALPHA RECEPTORS.
This is beaituful because it can treat HR without effecting BP.
