Antineoplastics Flashcards
What is the drug target for the drug Methotrexate?
Methotrexate targets dihydrofolate reductase to stop the formation of RNA and DNA.
What is the rescue drug leucovorin used to recover from?
Used to recover methotrexate toxicity.
What is the function of the drug 5-flurouracil?
Becomes 5-fu where it is incoporated into DNA and stops synthesis.
What is the most important antimetabolite to treat acute myelogenous leukemia?
Cytarabine!
Only activated in the s-phase.
What strong disorder can be caused by cytarabine?
Cerebellar syndrome!
Motor speech disorder
Nystagmus
Ataxia.
How does 6-mercaptopurine work?
This is a purine analogue used in the treatment of ALL.
The antidote TPMT is used to treat intoxication with what drug?
Used to treat 6-MP intoxication.
What are the general function of alkylating agents?
Generally have the names:
Mechlorethamine, cyclophosphamide
Or Carmustine
Are derivatives of nitrogen mustards.
What is the most commonly used alkylating agent for treatment of hematological malignancies?
Cyclophosphamide!
What is the major side effect that can occur due to cyclophosphamide treatment?
Co administration of what drug can prevent this side effect?
Hemorrhagic cystitis!
Coadministration of mesna would deminish these problems.
What is the use of carmustine?
Carmustin is an alkylating agent that is commonly placed in waifer forms into the brain.
What class of drugs are cisplatin or carboplatin?
These are non typical alkylating agents.
They both cause myelosupression.
What are the drugs vinblastine and vincristine?
These are both antimicrotubule agents.
What are the uses of the drug Paclitaxel?
What drug can be taken with it to prevent myelosupression?
This is a taxane that works to arrest tumor cells in mitosis.
Bone marrow toxicity is the dose limiting factor.
Filgrastim can be used to reduce myelosupression.
What is the function of the drugs Irinotecan and topotecan?
These are both topoisomerase type I inhibitors. Used as antineoplatics!
What type of drug is Etoposide?
This is a topoisomerase type II inhibitor!
What type of drug is doxorubicin?
Doxorubicin is an antibacterial used to treat cancers.
It interpheres with topoisomerase II and also creates free radicals to interpehre with cell functions.
What is the point of co administering dexrazoxane with doxorubicin?
Dexrazoxane is used to lower the cardiotoxic effects that docorubicin has.
The three drugs BEP
Bleomycin, etoposide, and platinol are used to treat what type of cancer?
These are combodrugs used to treat testicular cancer.
The four drugs MOPP Mechlorethamine, oncovin, procarbazine, and prednisone are used in conjunction to treat what type of cancer?
Hodgkins lymphoma.
Adriamycin, Bleomycin, Vinblastine, and Dacarbazine (ABVD) are used in conjunction to treat what sort of cancer?
These are used to treat Hodgkin’s Lymphoma.
What is the fucntion of the drug Tamoxifen?
Tamoxifen is a competitive partial agonist inhibitor of estradiol at the estrogen receptor.
works specifically for breast cancer.
What is the function of the drug Anastrozole?
This drug acts as an estrogen synthesis inhibitor.
Used to treat estrogen sensitive breast cancers.
What is the major side effect to be aware of with Tamoxifen?
Tamoxifen increases uterine cancer risks as well as venous thromboembolisms.
What is the drug Flutamide used for?
This drug is used to treat prostate cancer!
What is the use of the drug leuprolide?
This is a GnRH agonist used for treating prostate cancer.
What is the use of the drug Degarelix?
Degarelix is a GnRH antagonist!
Used in prostate cancer treatment.
What medication is used to treat breast cancer with HER-2 amplification?
Trastuzumab!
Causes cardiotoxicity as well.
What is the use of the drug Cetuximab?
Used to treat colorectal tumors.
What is the use of the drug Bevacizumab?
This is a monoclonal antibody directed against endothelial growth factor (VEGF).
What is the use of the oral drug erlotinib?
Erlotinib is an EGFR inhibitor used in first line treatment of metastatic nonsmall cell lung carcinoma.
What is the use of the drug Vemurafenib?
This is a drug used as a BRAF inhibitor used to treat melanomas.
What is the use of the drug Ipilimumab?
This drug is used to treat melanoma by stoping B7 from binding to CTLA4
This has a risk though for enterocolitis.
