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Pharmacology > Antineoplastics > Flashcards

Antineoplastics Flashcards

1
Q

What is the drug target for the drug Methotrexate?

A

Methotrexate targets dihydrofolate reductase to stop the formation of RNA and DNA.

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2
Q

What is the rescue drug leucovorin used to recover from?

A

Used to recover methotrexate toxicity.

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3
Q

What is the function of the drug 5-flurouracil?

A

Becomes 5-fu where it is incoporated into DNA and stops synthesis.

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4
Q

What is the most important antimetabolite to treat acute myelogenous leukemia?

A

Cytarabine!

Only activated in the s-phase.

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5
Q

What strong disorder can be caused by cytarabine?

A

Cerebellar syndrome!
Motor speech disorder
Nystagmus
Ataxia.

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6
Q

How does 6-mercaptopurine work?

A

This is a purine analogue used in the treatment of ALL.

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7
Q

The antidote TPMT is used to treat intoxication with what drug?

A

Used to treat 6-MP intoxication.

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8
Q

What are the general function of alkylating agents?

A

Generally have the names:
Mechlorethamine, cyclophosphamide

Or Carmustine

Are derivatives of nitrogen mustards.

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9
Q

What is the most commonly used alkylating agent for treatment of hematological malignancies?

A

Cyclophosphamide!

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10
Q

What is the major side effect that can occur due to cyclophosphamide treatment?

Co administration of what drug can prevent this side effect?

A

Hemorrhagic cystitis!

Coadministration of mesna would deminish these problems.

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11
Q

What is the use of carmustine?

A

Carmustin is an alkylating agent that is commonly placed in waifer forms into the brain.

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12
Q

What class of drugs are cisplatin or carboplatin?

A

These are non typical alkylating agents.

They both cause myelosupression.

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13
Q

What are the drugs vinblastine and vincristine?

A

These are both antimicrotubule agents.

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14
Q

What are the uses of the drug Paclitaxel?

What drug can be taken with it to prevent myelosupression?

A

This is a taxane that works to arrest tumor cells in mitosis.

Bone marrow toxicity is the dose limiting factor.

Filgrastim can be used to reduce myelosupression.

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15
Q

What is the function of the drugs Irinotecan and topotecan?

A

These are both topoisomerase type I inhibitors. Used as antineoplatics!

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16
Q

What type of drug is Etoposide?

A

This is a topoisomerase type II inhibitor!

17
Q

What type of drug is doxorubicin?

A

Doxorubicin is an antibacterial used to treat cancers.

It interpheres with topoisomerase II and also creates free radicals to interpehre with cell functions.

18
Q

What is the point of co administering dexrazoxane with doxorubicin?

A

Dexrazoxane is used to lower the cardiotoxic effects that docorubicin has.

19
Q

The three drugs BEP

Bleomycin, etoposide, and platinol are used to treat what type of cancer?

A

These are combodrugs used to treat testicular cancer.

20
Q

The four drugs MOPP Mechlorethamine, oncovin, procarbazine, and prednisone are used in conjunction to treat what type of cancer?

A

Hodgkins lymphoma.

21
Q

Adriamycin, Bleomycin, Vinblastine, and Dacarbazine (ABVD) are used in conjunction to treat what sort of cancer?

A

These are used to treat Hodgkin’s Lymphoma.

22
Q

What is the fucntion of the drug Tamoxifen?

A

Tamoxifen is a competitive partial agonist inhibitor of estradiol at the estrogen receptor.

works specifically for breast cancer.

23
Q

What is the function of the drug Anastrozole?

A

This drug acts as an estrogen synthesis inhibitor.

Used to treat estrogen sensitive breast cancers.

24
Q

What is the major side effect to be aware of with Tamoxifen?

A

Tamoxifen increases uterine cancer risks as well as venous thromboembolisms.

25
Q

What is the drug Flutamide used for?

A

This drug is used to treat prostate cancer!

26
Q

What is the use of the drug leuprolide?

A

This is a GnRH agonist used for treating prostate cancer.

27
Q

What is the use of the drug Degarelix?

A

Degarelix is a GnRH antagonist!

Used in prostate cancer treatment.

28
Q

What medication is used to treat breast cancer with HER-2 amplification?

A

Trastuzumab!

Causes cardiotoxicity as well.

29
Q

What is the use of the drug Cetuximab?

A

Used to treat colorectal tumors.

30
Q

What is the use of the drug Bevacizumab?

A

This is a monoclonal antibody directed against endothelial growth factor (VEGF).

31
Q

What is the use of the oral drug erlotinib?

A

Erlotinib is an EGFR inhibitor used in first line treatment of metastatic nonsmall cell lung carcinoma.

32
Q

What is the use of the drug Vemurafenib?

A

This is a drug used as a BRAF inhibitor used to treat melanomas.

33
Q

What is the use of the drug Ipilimumab?

A

This drug is used to treat melanoma by stoping B7 from binding to CTLA4

This has a risk though for enterocolitis.

Pharmacology (6 decks)

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