autonomic NS

Question 1

What is the autonomic nervous system

Answer 1

• involuntary
• fibres synpse once at a ganglion after they leave the CNS
• innervates smooth muscle/cardiac muscle/glands

Question 2

What is the somatic nervous system

Answer 2

• conscious
• fibres do not synapse after they leave the CNS
• innervates skeletal muscle

Question 3

Parasymathetic: cranial nerves above and sacral nerves below

Answer 3

• fibres are carried on the head of the cranial nerve
• 10th cranial nerve (V.N). Involved in regulation of heartrate
• sacral nerves supply lower abdomen and pelvis and involved in function of

Question 4

Sympathetic N.S

Answer 4

• innervation of eye: fibres come out of the thoraco-lumbar spine. First synapse is along the sympathetic chain.
• post ganglionic fibres run in plexi

Question 5

What is the name given to the systems working together

Answer 5

Symathopathic balance

Question 6

Functuons of thr A.N.S

Answer 6

• thermoregulation

- exercise

Question 7

What is the result of excessive stress on the sympathetic nervous system

Answer 7

• fight/flight response
• blood pressure rises
• parasympathetic: causes vasodilation/sexual arousal
• sympathetic are involved in femael o

Question 8

Components of the ANS

Answer 8

1. ) Parasymathetic
   - cranial outflow
   - sacral outflow
2. ) Sympathetic
   - sympathetic chain T1-L2
   - adrenal gland
3. ) Enteric N.S

Question 9

Sympathetic fibre features

Answer 9

• uses AcH

- ones after use noradrnealin with unmyelinated postganglionic fibres

Question 10

Parasympathetic fibre features

Answer 10

• ones using x in preganglionic fibres

- unemyelinated postganglionic fibres uses AcH

Question 11

Names of it* 9.26

Answer 11

• coeliac plexus

- ciliary plexus

Question 12

Symapthetic division

Answer 12

• white rami supply something??

Question 13

Organisation

Answer 13

• origin is T1-L2 from lateral grey horn of the spinal cord

-

Question 14

Rabi communicates

Answer 14

• white fibrescarries a myelinated fibre to the sympathetic chain
• grey fibres carry it to the organ

Question 15

The adrenal amplification system

Answer 15

• adrenal medulla is stimulated so you get release of adrenaline and noradrenaline

Question 16

Enteric nervous system

Answer 16

• causes peristalsis to take place independently

Question 17

Neurotransmiiters: symapthetic

Answer 17

Ach

• receptor for AcH in sympathetic chain is a nicotinic receptor
• after that it is noradrneline

Question 18

Neurotransmitters: parasympathetic

Answer 18

• AcH at first ganglion
• same receptor: nictotinic
• post ganglion: also Ach whith a muscarinc receptor at the end point

Question 19

Receptors

Answer 19

• each receptor has a subtype
• in sympathetic:
  1. ) alpha: alpha 1/2 (in blood vessels)
  2. ) beta: 1 (on heart)/2 (on bronchi)/3

Question 20

Inputs into the ANS

Answer 20

1. ) Carotid receptors: controls circulation. They are in the bifurcation of the carotid bifurcation (the carotid body)
2. ) Mechanoreceptors are also here
3. ) Pressure receptors in the aortic arch

Question 21

Inputs into the ANS

Answer 21

1. ) Carotid receptors: controls circulation. They are in the bifurcation of the carotid bifurcation (the carotid body)
2. ) Mechanoreceptors are also here
3. ) Pressure receptors in the aortic arch
   - integrated name: carotid baro-receptor reflex pathway

Question 22

Pathways

Answer 22

There is a brain stem pathway

Question 23

Primary ANS disorders

Answer 23

1. ) Acute: pan-dysantonomia with neurological features

2. ) Chronic: Parkinson’s/shy-Drager syndrome

Question 24

Secondary ANS

Answer 24

1.) Metabolic: diabetes mellitus/chronic renal failure/chronic liver disease

Question 25

Secondary ANS

Answer 25

1. ) Metabolic: diabetes mellitus/chronic renal failure/chronic liver disease
2. ) Inflammatory: Gullain-Barri syndrome
3. ) Infectious: bacterial tetnus
4. ) Neoplasia: brain tumour

Question 26

Cardiovascular disorders

Answer 26

• postural hypotension

- tachycardia