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ANSC 3080 > Autonomic Nervous System (Neurophysiology IV) > Flashcards

Autonomic Nervous System (Neurophysiology IV) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of the ANS?

A
  • controls body functions without conscious thought
  • key in maintenance of homeostasis
  • autonomic reflexes
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2
Q

What does the ANS control?

A
  • smooth muscle, cardiac muscles + glands
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3
Q

What is the ANS mainly controlled by?

A

negative feedback

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4
Q

What are the parts of the ANS?

A
  • sensory cells
  • sensory nerve fibres
  • control centers
  • motor nerve fibers
  • target organs
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5
Q

What are the control centers in the ANS?

A
  • hypothalamus = master command
  • brains stem –> controls respiratory + cardiovascular center
  • spinal cord –> local integration in thoracic + sacral segments (doesn’t involve consciousness)
  • receives continuous information from sensory nerves (frequency of impulses)
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6
Q

True or False: Motor nerve fibers in the ANS are the same as the somatic motor system.

A

False: Motor nerve fibers in the ANS are different than the somatic motor system.

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7
Q

What are the target organs in the ANS?

A
  • smooth muscle, cardiac muscle + glands
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8
Q

How many peripheral nerves are in the ANS? How many peripheral nerves does the somatic system have?

A
  • 2 peripheral nerves - pre + post ganglionic
  • Somatic = 1 peripheral nerve
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9
Q

What is the preganglionic neuron?

A
  • cell body in the CNS with axon that innervates the postganglionic neuron
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10
Q

What are the 2 major divisions of the ANS?

A
  • sympathetic (thoraco-lumbar)
  • parasympathetic (cranio-sacral)
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11
Q

Explain the sympathetic NS.

A
  • fight or flight
  • activated during stress
  • preganglionic neurons in thoracic or lumbar spinal area –> send axons to sympathetic ganglia forming chain (interconnected ganglion) parallel to spinal cord
  • post-ganglionic fiber is long in order to reach target
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12
Q

Explain the parasympathetic NS.

A

-rest + digest
- most active during rest
- preganglionic neurons originate in the brain or sacral part of spinal cord –> send axons to ganglia near effector organs

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13
Q

What is the enteric NS associated with?

A
  • parasympathetic
  • connected to digestive system
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14
Q

Where do preganglionic axons enter in the sympathetic NS?

A
  • enter the paravertebral sympathetic ganglion chain
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15
Q

Where do some preganglion fibers extend into in the sympathetic NS? What is their function in this area?

A
  • extend to adrenal medulla (adrenal glands)
  • stimulate the secretion of epinephrine + norepinephrine into blood circulation
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16
Q

What cranial nerves supply parasympathetic fibers to the body’s gland + organs?

A

III (3), VII (7), IX (9) + X (10 = vagus nerve)

17
Q

Explain the ganglia in the parasympathetic NS.

A
  • located in wall or adjacent to target organs
  • no interconnection between ganglia (no chain)
18
Q

True or False: Postganglionic fibers in the parasympathetic NS are short axons.

A

True

19
Q

Explain the postganglionic fibers in the parasympathetic NS.

A
  • direct connection with specific organs (no branching off) with no enhancement by hormones = selective action
20
Q

What is the post-ganglionic neurotransmitter in the parasympathetic NS?

A

acetylcholine (ACh)

21
Q

What are the 2 types of receptors for ACh?

A
  • nicotinic
  • muscarinic
22
Q

Explain nicotinic receptors.

A
  • preganglionic synapses
  • neuromuscular junctions = skeletal muscles (not ANS)
  • ionotropic = part of ion channel
23
Q

Where are muscarinic receptors located?

A
  • in target organs of parasympathetic NS
24
Q

Explain muscarinic receptors.

A
  • separate from ion channel –> requires intracellular second messengers to activate target cell
  • active series of events in cell using enzymes
  • depend on messenger –> effect can be stimulatory or inhibitory
  • slower + more prolonged effect
25
Q

What are the receptors of noradrenalin?

A
  • alpha-adrenergic receptor
  • beta-adrenergic receptor
26
Q

What are the adrenergic receptors associated to?

A
  • G-proteins –> activate intracellular second messengers
27
Q

What does alpha 1-adrenergic receptor do?

A

increases calcium

28
Q

What does alpha 2-adrenergic receptor do?

A

decrease cAMP

29
Q

Explain the generic function of alpha adrenergic receptors?

A

constriction of smooth muscles (vascular)

30
Q

What do beta 1 + beta 2 adrenergic receptors do?

A
  • increase cAMP
31
Q

What is the generic function of beta-adrenergic receptors?

A
  • main form in the heart = increase contraction strength + rate
  • relaxation of smooth muscles –> GI tract, uterus + bronchioles
32
Q

True or False: Agonists + antagonists are used to selectively activate or block receptors in terms of pharmacological significance.

A

True

33
Q

Explain what improves hypertension in terms of pharmacological significance.

A

beta 1-adrenergic blocker (propranolol) = decreases heart rate

34
Q

Explain what improves asthma in terms of pharmacological significance.

A

beta 2- adrenergic agonist (salbutamol) = bronchodilation

35
Q

Explain the function of atropline.

A
  • muscarinic receptor blocker
  • inhibits contraction of lower GI tract
  • dilates pupils
  • reduces mucus production in respiratory tract
36
Q

Name 3 effector reciprocal effects.

A
  • eye
  • salivary gland
  • heart rate
  • blood vessels
  • lungs (bronchiole)
  • intestinal mobility
  • sphincters
  • urinary bladder
  • penis
37
Q

Name 3 sympathetic reciprocal effects.

A
  • pupil dilation
  • stimulation
  • increased
  • constriction (most)
  • dilation
  • inhibition
  • stimulate closing
  • muscle tone relaxed
  • ejaculation
38
Q

Name 3 parasympathetic reciprocal effects.

A
  • pupil constriction
  • inhibition
  • decreased
  • dilation (few)
  • constriction
  • stimulation
  • inhibit closing
  • contraction
  • erection

ANSC 3080 (7 decks)

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