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ANSC 3080 > Anatomy of the Heart (Cardiovascular I) > Flashcards

Anatomy of the Heart (Cardiovascular I) Flashcards

1
Q

What are the chambers and valves of the heart?

A
  • 2 atria
  • 2 ventricles
  • 2 AV valves –> tricuspid + bicuspid
  • 2 semilunar valves –> aortic + pulmonary
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2
Q

Explain the pulmonary circulatory system.

A
  • arteries to lungs
  • veins from lungs
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3
Q

Explain the systemic circulatory system.

A
  • arteries to rest of the body
  • veins from the rest of the body
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4
Q

What are the 7 major functions of the cardiovascular system?

A
  • transport O2 + Co2
  • transport nutrients
  • transport waste
  • transport heat (thermoregulation)
  • transport hormones
  • carry immune cells
  • stabilize internal environment (buffer)
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5
Q

What is the pericardium made of?

A

2 layers of connective tissue with a cavity

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6
Q

What are the 2 layers of the pericardium?

A
  • visceral layer (attached to heart wall)
  • parietal layer
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7
Q

What is the function of the pericardium? Why is the cavity filled with fluid?

A
  • prevents over-stretching of the heart
  • allows for some movement
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8
Q

What is the function of the atria?

A
  • collect returning blood
  • serve as reservoirs
  • helps transfer blood to ventricles
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9
Q

What is the function of the ventricles?

A
  • move blood into systemic + pulmonary circulation
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10
Q

What separates the heart halves?

A

muscular septum

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11
Q

What is the endocardium?

A
  • epithelium covering the inner surface of the heart
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12
Q

What are the 2 heart valves?

A

semi-lunar + atrioventricular (AV)

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13
Q

What are the semilunar + AV valves made of?

A
  • fibrous CT attached to a fibrous ring
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14
Q

What is the purpose of the semilunar + AV valve?

A

allow blood to flow in only 1 direction

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15
Q

Explain the characteristics of the AV valves? What are the 2 AV valves?

A
  • bicuspid/mitral (left)
  • tricuspid (right)
  • thin + anchored to wall of ventricle
  • free end of AV valves attached to papillary muscles in ventricles to prevent backflow of blood
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16
Q

What are the 2 semi-lunar valves? Where are they located?

A
  • aortic (between L ventricle + aorta)
  • pulmonary (between R ventricle + pulmonary artery)
17
Q

What is the purpose of coronary arteries?

A
  • bring blood (nutrients + oxygen) to the heart
18
Q

What stops the tricuspid valve from opening and allowing backflow of blood?

A

papillary muscle + chordae tendinae

19
Q

What does opening + closing of valves rely on?

A
  • passive mechanism
  • dependent on blood pressure (BP moves from high to low pressure)
20
Q

What is the basic function of arteries?

A
  • convey blood from heart to tissues/organs
21
Q

What is the function of the pulmonary arteries? What side of the heart is it on?

A
  • leave right ventricle to bring deoxygenated blood to the lungs
    -right side
22
Q

What is the function of the aorta? What side of the heart is it on?

A
  • leave L ventricle to bring oxygenated blood back to the body
  • left side
23
Q

What is the basic function of veins?

A
  • convey blood from tissues/organs to the heart
24
Q

What are the 2 main veins? What is their function?

A
  • 2 vena cava –> superior + inferior
  • brings deoxygenated blood to R atrium
25
Q

What is the function of the pulmonary vein?

A
  • brings oxygenated blood to L atrium
26
Q

Why is the aorta elastic?

A
  • receives lots of pressure from ventricle contractions (absorbs P)
  • keep pressure higher in arterial side than veins
  • maintain flow of blood in body
27
Q

Describe the characteristics of small arteries + their function.

A
  • decrease in elasticity + increase in smooth muscle (allows contraction + opening)
  • delivers blood locally to arterioles + capillaries
  • controls pressure via tone of vessel’s smooth muscle
28
Q

Where is the site of gas + nutrient exchange?

A

capillaries

29
Q

What do venules do?

A

collect blood from capillaries

30
Q

What kind of pressure system is the venous system? What causes venous return?

A
  • low pressure
  • change in tone
31
Q

True or False: The systemic system has arteries and the pulmonary system has veins.

A

False: Systemic + pulmonary systems have both arteries + veins/

32
Q

Explain the characteristics of the pulmonary system.

A
  • heart/lungs loop to oxygenate the blood
  • low pressure + resistance
  • highly distensible
33
Q

Explain the characteristics of the systemic system.

A
  • distribution of oxygenated blood + nutrients to the body
  • high pressure + resistance
34
Q

Work performed by the left ventricle is greater than the right ventricle by:

a) 10-15 fold
b) 5-7 fold
c) 20-30 fold
d) 2-4 fold

A

b) 5-7 fold

35
Q

What is the phase of contraction known as?

A

systole

36
Q

What is the relaxation/filling phase known as?

A

diastole

37
Q

Name the 5 phases of the cardiac cycle.

A
  1. diastole
  2. atrial contraction
  3. isovolumic contraction
  4. systole (ejection)
  5. isovolumic relaxation

ANSC 3080 (7 decks)

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