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Pharmacology > Autonomic Nervous System > Flashcards

Autonomic Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

Nerutransmitters

A

transfer information from nerve terminals across the synaptic cleft

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2
Q

Classification of the NS by location

A

peripheral and central

Central- brain and spinal cord
peripheral- everything else

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3
Q

Classification of the Nervous system by Function

A

autonomic and somatic

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4
Q

Autonomic Nervous system

A

Typically involves actions that are not under conscious control

ex: visceral functions (cardiac output, blood flow to vital organs, heart rate, digestions)

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5
Q

Somatic Nervous System

A

involves conscious function

EX: movement, respiration, posture

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6
Q

Sections of the Autonomic Nervous System

A

Sypmathetic and parasympathetic

both originate from central NS
Sympathetic exits at thoracolumbar
Parasympathetic exits at the craniosacral

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7
Q

Types of Efferent Nerves in the Autonomic NS

A

Preganglionic and Postganglionic

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8
Q

Preganglionic Neurons

A

originate int he CNS and connect to ganglia in peripheral NS

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9
Q

Postganglionic Nerurons

A

terminate on effector organs (heart, lungs, liver, bladder)

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10
Q

Ganglia

A

act as a relay station to pass messages in to postganglionic nerves

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11
Q

Afferent Neurons

A

regulate autonomic NS by sensing actions and providing feedback to CNS

info from effector organs to CNS

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12
Q

NT’s of the Autonomic NS

A

Acetylcholine (ACh) and Norepinephrine (NE)

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13
Q

Acetylcholine (ACh)

A
  • released from cholinergic nerve fibers
  • incudes almost all efferent nerve fibers (parasympathetic and sympathetic)
  • pre ganglionic in parasympathetic AND sympathetic, post ganglionic in parasympathetic
  • somatic nerve fibers to skeletal muscles
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14
Q

Norepinephrine (NE)

A

released from adrenergic nerve fibers

-includes most postganglionic SYMPATHETIC nerve fibers

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15
Q

Facts about ACh

A

-made from acetyl-CoA with enzyme choline O-acetyltransferase

synthesis occurs in mitochondria

-when its made its transferred to nerve terminal by choline transporter and stored in “quanta” vessicles at ther surface of the synapse

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16
Q

Release of ACh

A
  • action potential is generated in nerve terminal
  • influx of Ca++ into nerve terminal which interacts with vessicle membrane (quanta) and causes it to fuse w/terminal membrane
  • pore opens into synapse, and releases hundreds of quanta into synaptic cleft
17
Q

Binding of ACh

A

-in synaptic cleft ACh binds to acetylcholine receptors (cholinoreceptors) and you will get action

18
Q

Acetylcholinesterase (AChE)

A

present in the synaptic cleft, enzyme that breaks down ACh into choline and acetate within seconds and terminates ACh’s action.

This is way to stop action of ACh

19
Q

Adrenergic Nerve Fibers

A

postganglionic nerurons of the sympathetic nervous system

release NE (norepinephrine)

used in stressful situations, fight for flight

20
Q

Actions of Adrenergic Nerve Fibers

A 
increase heart rate
mobilize energy stores
increase blood flow to skeletal muscle
divert blood flow from skin and internal organs during fight or flight
dilate pupils and bronchioles
21
Q

Termination of Adrenergic Actions

A

1) NE is metabolized by enzyme MAO
2) diffusion away from receptor site
3) reuptake into pre-synapse terminal by NET
4) acts with a receptor and causes an action

22
Q

Receptors

A
  • made of proteins designed to bind to specific molecules
  • apon binding receptors pass on message using signaling proteins

many drugs based on this receptor-ligand interaction (agonists and antagonists)

23
Q

Cholinoceptors (cholinergic receptors)

A

named after alkeloids that bind them

Muscarinic-at the effector organ level

Nicotinic-only at ganglion level

24
Q

Adrenergic receptors (adrenoceptors)

A

alpha 1, alpha 2
beta 1, beta 2
dopamine

25
Q

Functions of Parasympathetic NS

A

tronotrophic (energy storing)

takes care of everything at rest (digestions, storing energy, conserving energy)

26
Q

Function of Sympathetic System

A

ergotrophic
energy expenditure
active during fight or flight
stimulates heart, increases blood sugar, mediates vasoconstriction of blood vessels…breaks down glycogen from liver, vasoconstriction. uses energy parasympathetic ns stores

27
Q

Parasympathetic effect in CV

A

decreases heart rate

28
Q

Sympathetic effects on CV

A

alters peripheral vascular resistance to manage BP
heart rate
contraction and force to manage CO
venous tone
renin production to manage renal blood flow

29
Q

Presynaptic Regulation

A

Presynaptic alpha 2 receptors
activated by binding NE released from same nerves
binding=reduced release of more NE

Beta receptors- facilitate release of more NE

30
Q

Post Synaptic Regulation

A

1) up or down regulation

2) action of one receptor is affected by action of other receptor

Pharmacology (21 decks)

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