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MD2002 - MSA > Autonomic nervous system > Flashcards

Autonomic nervous system Flashcards

1
Q

Where are nicotinic ACh receptors

A
  • Neuromuscular junction
  • Sympathetic ganglia
  • Parasympathetic ganglia
  • Central nervous system
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2
Q

Where are the muscarinic Ach receptor

A
  • Parasympathetic target organs
  • Sweat glands
  • Vascular smooth muscle
  • Central nervous system
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3
Q

What are the main locations of the M1 muscarinic receptor?

A

Autonomic ganglia
Glands: gastric, salivary, lacrimal

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4
Q

What is the cellular response of M1 receptors

A

Increases IP3 and DAG

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5
Q

What is the functional response of M1 receptors?

A

Gastric secretion

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6
Q

What is the location of M2 receptors?

A

Heart: atria

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7
Q

What is the cellular response of M2 receptor?

A

Decreases cAMP

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8
Q

What is the functional response of M2 receptors?

A

Cardiac inhibition

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9
Q

What is the location of the M3 receptor?

A

Exocrine glands: gastric, salivary, etc.
Smooth muscle: GI tract, eye, airways, bladder
Blood vessels: endothelium

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10
Q

What is the cellular response of the M3 receptor?

A

increase IP3 and DAG

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11
Q

What is the functional response of the M3 receptor?

A

Gastric, salivary secretion
GI smooth muscle contraction
Ocular accommodation
Vasodilation

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12
Q

What G protein is associated with muscarinic receptors?

A
  • Gq - M1 and M3 -
  • Gi - M2
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13
Q

What are the Non- selective muscarinic agonists?

A
  • Pilocarpine
  • Bethanechol
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14
Q

What are the clinical uses of Pilocarpine

A
  • Constriction of pupils
    • Glaucoma to decrease intraocular pressure
    • Xerostomia
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15
Q

What are the clinical uses of Bethanechol?

A
  • Clinical uses
  • Bladder and gastrointestinal hypotonia
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16
Q

List the muscarinic Ach receptor antagonists

A
  • Atropine
    -Glucopyrronium
  • Hyoscine hydrobromide
  • Hyoscine butylbromide
  • Ipratropium
    -Tropicamide
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17
Q

What are the pharmacological properties of atropine and glycopyrronium?

A

Non-selective antagonist
Well absorbed orally
CNS effects

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18
Q

What are the clinical uses of atropine and glycopyrronium?

A

Adjunct for anaesthesia
Anticholinesterase poisoning
Bradycardia

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19
Q

What are thee pharmacological properties of hyoscine hydrobromide?

A

Non-selective antagonist
Well absorbed orally
CNS effects

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20
Q

What are the clinical uses of hyoscine hydrobromide?

A
  • Hypersalivation
  • Motion sickness
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21
Q

What are the pharmacological properties of hyoscine butylbromide?

A

Non-selective antagonist
Poorly absorbed orally
CNS effects

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22
Q

What are the clinical uses of Hyoscine butylbromide?

A

Gastrointestinal spasms

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23
Q

What are the pharmacological properties of Ipratropium?

A

Delivered via inhaler or nebuliser
Does not cross blood brain barrier

24
Q

What are the clinical uses of Ipratropium?

A

Maintenance treatment of COPD

25
What are the pharmacological properties of tropicamide?
Non-selective antagonist Well absorbed orally CNS effects shorter acting
26
What are the clinical uses of tropicamide?
Ophthalmic use (mydriasis)
27
What type of neurons are responsible for noradrenergic transmission?
Adrenergic neurons
28
What are the main neurotransmitters involved in noradrenergic transmission?
Dopamine, Adrenaline, Noradrenaline
29
What is the rate limiting step in catecholamine synthesis?
Tyrosine hydroxylase
30
What inhibits tyrosine hydroxylase?
Catecholamines
31
What is the function of DOPA decarboxylase in catecholamine synthesis?
Converts DOPA to dopamine
32
What is methyldopa used for?
Hypertension in pregnancy
33
Where is dopamine β-hydroxylase (DBH) located?
Membrane bound
34
What hormone induces phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PNMT)?
Adrenal cortex hormones
35
How is noradrenaline (NA) release facilitated?
By Ca2+ influx
36
What role do α2 adrenoreceptors play in noradrenaline release?
They decrease Ca2+ influx, thus decreasing NA release
37
What percentage of norepinephrine is recaptured by neurons?
~75%
38
What is the name of the transporter responsible for norepinephrine reuptake?
Norepinephrine transporter (NET)
39
What does the vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT) do?
Repackages norepinephrine
40
What are indirectly acting sympathomimetic drugs?
Drugs that affect catecholamine release or uptake
41
Name an example of an indirectly acting sympathomimetic drug.
Amphetamines
42
What is the primary effect of drugs that act on α2 adrenoreceptors?
Inhibition of catecholamine release
43
What type of drugs inhibit catecholamine uptake?
NET inhibitors
44
Name a drug that is a monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor.
Used in depression
45
What is the primary function of the sympathetic nervous system?
Control 'fight or flight' responses
46
Which adrenergic receptor subtype is responsible for vasoconstriction?
α1
47
What is the effect of β1 receptors on the heart?
Increase heart rate and force
48
What is the role of β2 receptors in the lungs?
Bronchodilation
49
What does adrenaline do during anaphylaxis?
Vasoconstriction, ↑ heart rate, bronchodilation, ↓ histamine release
50
What is prazosin used for?
Benign prostatic hyperplasia
51
What is the mechanism of action of tamsulosin?
More prostate-specific antagonist of α1 receptors
52
What are the two main groups of adrenoreceptors?
α and β adrenoreceptors
53
What are the key learning outcomes related to noradrenaline?
Understand effects on synthesis, release, agonists, and antagonists
54
True or False: Agonists of one system may have the same effect as antagonists of another.
True
55
Fill in the blank: α1, α2, β1, β2, and β3 are subtypes of _______.
adrenoreceptors

MD2002 - MSA (34 decks)

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