Arm and forearm

Question 1

Describe the Arm

Answer 1

• 4 muscles
• 2 fascial compartments
• 3 large nerves
• Large medial neurovascular bundle

Question 2

What are the muscles of the anterior arm

Answer 2

• Brachialis
• Biceps brachii
  -Coracpbrachialis

Question 3

What are the muscles of the posterior arm

Answer 3

• Triceps brachii
• Aconeous

Question 4

What innervates the anterior arm

Answer 4

Musculocutaneous arm

Question 5

What innervates the posterior arm

Answer 5

Radial nerve

Question 6

What actions do the muscles of the anterior arm carry out

Answer 6

• Brachialis - C5,C6
  
  • Prime mover in elbow flexion
• Biceps brachii - C5,6,7
  
  • Supination - then flexion
    
    • Short head - stability
• Coracobrachialis - C5,6,7
  
  • Flexion adduction at GH joint
    
    • Stability

Question 7

What action do the muscles of the posterior arm carry out?

Answer 7

• Triceps brachii - C6,7,8
  
  • Extension
    
    • Long head stability
• Anconeus - C7,8,T1
  
  • Elbow stability, tenses joint capsule
  • abduct ulna during pronation

Question 8

What innervates the muscles of the anterior arm?

Answer 8

Musculocutaneous nerve

Question 9

What nerve innervates the posterior arm?

Answer 9

Radial nerve

Question 10

Describe the borders of the cubital fossa

Answer 10

• Line between lateral and medial epicondyles - superior
• Brachioradialis - lateral
• Pronator teres - medial

Question 11

What is the roof of the cubital fossa

Answer 11

Bicipital aponeurosis

Question 12

What makes up the floor of the cubital fossa?

Answer 12

• Supinator
• Brachialis

Question 13

What is superficial to the cubital fossa?

Answer 13

Median cubital vein

Question 14

List the contents of the cubital fossa; medial to lateral

Answer 14

• Median nerve
• brachial artery
• Biceps tendon
• Radial nerve

Question 15

Describe the biceps reflex

Answer 15

• Deep tendon reflex
• Tests C5 and C6 spinal segments
• Afferents from muscle spindles
  
  • Synapse directly on
  • Efferent Alpha motor neurones
  • Elicit a flexion

Question 16

Describe the triceps reflex

Answer 16

• Deep tendon reflex
• Tests C6 and C7 spinal segments
• Afferents from muscle spindles
• Synapse directly on:
  
  • Efferent Alpha motor neurons
• Elicit an extension jerk

Question 17

Describe the supinator reflex

Answer 17

• Deep tendon reflex
• Tests C5 and C6 spinal segments
• Afferents from muscle spindles
  
  • Synapse directly on…
  • Efferent Alpha motor neurones
• Elicit an flexion jerk

Question 18

What innervates the anterior forearm

Answer 18

Median nerve except 1 1/2 muscles by ulnar nerve

Question 19

What are the muscles pf the anterior superficial layer of the arm

Answer 19

• pronator teres
• Flexor carpi radialis
• palmaris longus
• Flexor carpi ulnaris

Question 20

What nerve innervates most of the anterior superficial layer of the forearm

Answer 20

• Median nerve

Question 21

What muscle does the ulnar nerve innervate?

Answer 21

Flexor carpi ulnaris - C7,8

Question 22

What does the median nerve innervate in the anterior intermediate layer of the forearm?

Answer 22

• Flexor digitorum Superficialis - C7,8,T1
  
  • middle phalanges insertion

Question 23

Describe the flexor digitorum profundus

Answer 23

• Flexor digitorum profundus
  
  • Medial 1/2 - Ulnar nerve (C8,T1)
  • Lateral 1/2 - Anterior interosseous Nerve (C8,T1)
  • Distal Phalanges insertion

Question 24

What innervates the flexor policis longus

Answer 24

Anterior interosseuous nerve C8, T1

Question 25

Describe the carpal tunnel

Answer 25

- Carpal arch closed over by Flexor retinaculum - Contents - Flexor digitorum superficialis - Flexor Digitorum profundus - Flexor policis longus - Median nerve

Question 26

Describe the dorsal forearm

Answer 26

- Extensor and supinators - Common extensor origin - Radial Nerve - 3 groups: Superficial, outcropping and deep

Question 27

List the muscles of the dorsal superficial layer

Answer 27

- Extensor carpi radialis longus - Extensor carpi radialis brevis - Extensor digitorum - Extensor digit minimi - Extensor Carpi ulnaris

Question 28

What nerves innervates the dorsal superficial layer

Answer 28

Radial and deep radial nerve

Question 29

What muscle of the deep layer of the forearm is innervated by the deep radial nerve

Answer 29

Supinator

Question 30

What muscle in the deep layer of the forearm is innervated by the posterior interosseous nerve

Answer 30

Extensor indicis

Question 31

List the outcropping muscles and the nerve that innervates them

Answer 31

- Abductor policis longus - Extensor policis brevis - Extensor policis longus - Posterior interosseous nerve

Question 32

What makes up the lateral border of the anatomical snuff box

Answer 32

- Abductor policis longus - Extensor policis brevis

Question 33

What makes up the medial border of the anatomical snuff box

Answer 33

- Extensor policis longus

Question 34

What makes up the floor of the anatomical snuff box

Answer 34

- Scaphoid and trapezium bones - Dorsal cutaneous branch of radial nerve

Question 35

What makes up roof of the anatomical snuff box?

Answer 35

- - Superficial branch of the radial nerve - Cephalic vein

Question 36

What are the muscles of the deep layer of the forearm?

Answer 36

- Supinator - Extensor indicis