Autonomic Nervous System

Question 1

In the CNS, which component is responsible for sensory perception?

Answer 1

Cerebral cortex

Question 2

In the CNS, which components are autonomic functions?

Answer 2

-Brainstem (cardiovascular, respiratory, and digestive system)
-Hypothalamus (regulation of temperature, thirst, food intake, fluid balance, and biological rhythms)

Question 3

In the PNS, what is the difference between the somatic and autonomic nervous system?

Answer 3

-Somatic permits voluntary action (skeletal muscle). One long neuron
-Autonomic permits involuntary functions (heart, lung, stomach, etc). It has the presence of autonomic ganglion

Question 4

Sensory nerves (aferente)

Answer 4

Señales al cerebro (Pa adentro)

Question 5

Motor nerves (eferente)

Answer 5

Señales desde el cerebro hasta el resto del cuerpo (exit)

Question 6

In what two important situations is the ANS needed?

Answer 6

-Fight or Flight by the Sympathetic nervous system (stress)
-Rest and Digest by the Parasympathetic nervous system (Peace)

Question 7

Cuál es el efecto de los sistemas simpateticos y parasimpateticos?

Answer 7

Ambos son un efecto antagonista

Question 8

Que sistema del ANS es un sistema colinergico?

Answer 8

Parasympathetic nervous system (el sistema más necesario (nervio vago))

Question 9

Que sistema del ANS es un sistema adrenergico?

Answer 9

Sympathetic nervous system (not essential for life)

Question 10

What happens to the body in fight or flight response?

Answer 10

-Mydriasis
-Inotropic and chronotropic effect in the heart
-Arterial vasodilation
-Broncho dilation
-Decrease digestion
-Increase glycogenolysis

Question 11

How does the Adrenal Medulla differs from the sympathetic ganglia?

Answer 11

It releases a great amount of epinephrine, its principal catecholamine.
The Adrenal medulla it is stimulated by the preganglionic sympathetic fibers.

Question 12

What happens to the body in rest and digest response?

Answer 12

-Miosis
-Negative Ionotropic and chronotropic heart effects
-Broncho constriction
-Increase digestion and saliva production

Question 13

What are differences between the sympathetic and parasympathetic?

Answer 13

The location of Preganglionic Cell Bodies
-Sympathetic = Thoracolumbar
-Parasympathetic = Craniosacral
Relative lengths of neurons
-Sympathetic = short pre, long post
-Parasympathetic = long pre, short pre
Neurotransmitters (all pre release ACh)
-Sympathetic = NE
-Parasympathetic = ACh

Question 14

Ligand gated ion channels Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors

Answer 14

Nicotinic receptors are found in the postganglia fibers
Are activated by ACh or Nicotine
-Neuronal Nicotinic (Nn) = autonomic ganglia
-Muscle Nicotinic (Nm) = neuromuscular junction

Question 15

G-protein couple Muscarinic receptors (odd number excitatory)

Answer 15

M1
-Slow EPSP
-Secretion from Salivary Glands and stomach
M2
-IPSP
-Heart (Negative Ino and chrono)
M3
-Smooth muscle, lungs, pancreas, and exocrine glands
-Increase smooth muscle contraction and glandular secretion
M4
-CNS and PNS
-Autoreceptor and heteroreceptor
M5
-CNS

Question 16

G-protein couple Adrenergic receptors (Alpha 2 only inhibitory)

Answer 16

Alpha1
-smooth muscle contraction (vasoconstriction)
Alpha2
-autoreceptor negative feedback (nerves)
Beta1
-Heart (Positive Ino and chrono)
-smooth muscle contraction (vasoconstriction)
Beta2
-Relaxation of smooth muscle
Beta3
-mediates lipolysis in adipocytes