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Enhanced PNB > Autonomic Nervous System > Flashcards

Autonomic Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

The autonomic nervous system consists of ______

A

visceral neurons aka pre and post ganglionic neurons

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2
Q

True or false: the effects of the ANS is only excitatory

A

false: it is both excitatory and inhibitory
only somatic is only excitatory

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3
Q

Sympathetic Organization: pregangionic neurons originates here and the post ganglion neurons are innervated by

A

pre: CNS (T1 to L2)
post: sympathetic chain, collateral, adrenal

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4
Q

Where are the majority of the sympathetic post ganglionic fibers?

A

sympathetic chain ganglia

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5
Q

What are the target organs of the sympathetic chain ganglia

A

head, heart, lungs

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6
Q

Where are the collateral ganglia found

A

in the abdominal cavity

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7
Q

What are the target organs of the collateral ganglia?

A

stomach, duodenum, pancreas, liver, kidney, colon

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8
Q

Where is the sympathetic chain ganglion?

A

on both sides of the spinal cord

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9
Q

“fight or flight” reinforced by

A

epinephrine

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10
Q

preganglionic cell bodies originate from ______ in the parasympathetic nervous system

A

cranial nerves and sacral region of the spinal cord

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11
Q

(parasympathetic) preganglionic axons pass to peripheral ganglia …

A

within or very close to target organs

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12
Q

parasympathetic preganglionic cells are _____ than the post ganglionic

A

longer

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13
Q

sympathetic preganglionic cells are ____ than post ganglionic

A

shorter

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14
Q

True or false: the parasympathetic nervous system is organized for mass discharge

A

false; not connected enough

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15
Q

Antagonistic effects of sympathetic and parasympathetic

A

sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers innervate the same cells; the actions counteract each other

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16
Q

Complementary effects of sympathetic and parasympathetic

A

sympathetic and parasympathetic stimulation produces similar effects

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17
Q

Cooperative effects of sympathetic and parasympathetic

A

sympathetic and parasympathetic stimulation produce different effects that work together to produce desired effect

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18
Q

Organs without dual innervation

A

regulation achieved by increasing or decreasing firing rate of postganglionic neurons; ex.organs innervated solely by sympathetics: adrenal medulla

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19
Q

in both divisions what neurotransmitter is released by the preganglionic neuron

A

ACh

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20
Q

The cholinergic signals are terminated by…

A

enzymatic degradation by acetylcholinesterase; or diffusion

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21
Q

Cholinergic refers to

A

ACh

22
Q

The sympathetic post ganglionic neurons release

A

epinephrine and norepinephrine

23
Q

The parasympathetic post ganglionic neurons release

A

ACh

24
Q

Adrenergic signals are terminated by…

A

active transport, diffusion, enzymatic degradation (MAO- monoamine oxidase)

25
Q

nicotinic receptors are found

A

on the post ganglionic cells

26
Q

nicotinic agonists and antagonists

A

agonists: acetylcholine, nicotine
anatagonist: TEA, curare

27
Q

What type of receptors are found on the target organs of the parasympathetic system

A

muscarinic

28
Q

What are the agonists and antagonists of the muscarinic receptors

A

agonists: acetylcholine, muscarine
antagonist: atropine

29
Q

receptors found on target organs (sympathetic)

A

adreneric receptors

30
Q

What do Gq coupled receptors do?

A

makes IP3 (SR Ca2+ channel)-> calcium rise-> causes contraction of smooth muscle (phosphorylation of the MLCK)

31
Q

What do Gi coupled receptors do?

A

decreases cAMP -> contraction

32
Q

What do Gs coupled receptors do?

A

increase cAMP levels -> no contraction

33
Q

What does cAMP do

A

it inhibits contraction

34
Q

What are the effects of alpha 1 receptors

A

Gq= smooth muscle constriction

35
Q

What are the effects of alpha 2 receptors

A

Gi= smooth muscle contraction; secretion inhibition

36
Q

What are the effects of the beta adrenergic receptors?

A

Gs= relaxation

37
Q

What are the effects of the B1 receptors

A

increased heart rate and contractility

38
Q

What are the effects of the B2 receptors

A

smooth muscle relaxation

39
Q

What are the effects of the B3 receptors

A

enhance lipolysis (improving energy supply)

40
Q

norepinephrine stimulates

A

alpha1, alpha 2, and beta 1

41
Q

epinephrine stimulates

A

all alpha and beta receptors

42
Q

decreased GI activity is from

A

alpha 2 receptors

43
Q

Sweating is different than the other sympathetic responses because

A

it uses muscarinic receptor (still sympathetic but it uses cholinergic signaling)

44
Q

beta 2 receptors cause vasodilation where

A

heart, lungs, muscles- places you need blood during a fight or flight response

45
Q

Would a MOA inhibitor cause a parasympathetic or a sympathetic response

A

sympathetic

46
Q

Where are the autonomic control centers

A

in the spinal cord, brain stem, hypothalamus

47
Q

Hypothalamus

A

water balance, temp reg, hunger

48
Q

Pons

A

secondary respiratory center, cardiovascular center

49
Q

Medulla

A

respiratory center, cardiovascular center

50
Q

What are sympathetic reflexes

A

cardioacceleratory, vasomotor reflex

51
Q

What are parasympathetic reflexes

A

swallowing reflex, gastric and intestinal reflex, coughing reflex

52
Q

If TEA or curare was given to a patient would it affect their pre or post ganglionic neurons

A

it would affect their pre ganglionic neurons (would affect nicotinic receptors)

Enhanced PNB (22 decks)

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