Autonomic Nervous System Flashcards
What is the ANS responsible for?
Involuntary processes. These include; contraction and relaxation of smooth muscle, heart rate and force, metabolism, exocrine and some endocrine secretions.
Sympathetic pathway. What is it responsible for and what pathway is it linked to?
Responsible for the fight or flight body processes which are activated from the adrenaline released as this is part of the noradrenaline pathway.
Para-sympathetic pathway. What is is responsible for and what pathway is it linked to?
Rest and digest processes. It is linked to the acetylcholine muscarinic pathway.
What drugs act on the adrenoreceptors to increase heart rate, used for shocks and cardiac arrests?
Adrenaline and doubtamine.
What drug is commonly used in nasal decongestants and what group is it part of?
Phenylephrine and it is a sympathomimetic/vasoconstrictor.
What class of drugs is salbutamol belonging to and what is it used for?
B2 agonists - short acting. it is commonly used as a drug in asthma inhalers.
What is the effects of an adrenoreceptor antagonist on the body?
They inhibit smooth muscle contraction. They inhibit the function of the adrenoreceptors. They inhibit the action of adrenaline and noradrenaline in the body.
What is a sympathomimetic?
they are drugs which mimic the action of the sympathetic pathway by promoting stimulation of the sympathetic nerves (adrenergic receptors).
Types of parasympathetic agonists?
M1, 2, 3, 4, 5. These are all G protein coupled.
What is a parasympathetic agonist?
Drugs which activate the parasympathetic nervous system receptors (muscarinic- direct and acetylcholinergase- indirect).
Are adrenergic agonists and sympathomimetics acting on the same pathway? And what do they do in the eye?
yes. both act to stimulate the sympathetic branch of the ANS.
They reduce IOP by reducing AQ. Humour secretion from cil. body and increasing uveoscleral outflow
Stimulate mydriasis - dilation
Vasoconstriction of conjunctival BV
Increase lacrimal gland secretion
Palprebal aperture increases
What is a sympatholytic/adrenergic blocker? And what does it do in the eye?
Reduces sympathetic pathway stimulation. This results in miosis, AQ. humour production reduced and narrowed palprebal aperture.
What are parasympathomimetics and anticholinesterases and how do they effect the eye?
They are drugs which stimulate the parasympathetic pathway. They show in the eye:
miosis
reduced IOP
accommodative spasm
increased lacrimal gland secretion
