Autocoids Flashcards
What is Cisapride?
Serotonin (5-HT) Agonist
What is the MOA for Cisapride?
5-HT4 receptor agonist
Cisapride is a _____ drug.
Prokinetic
What is the MOA for Fluoxetine?
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor. It also acts as an antidepressant.
What are two examples of Serotonin (5-HT) Agonists?
Cisapride and Fluoxetine
Name four Serotonin (5-HT) Antagonists.
- Cyproheptadine 2. Ondansetron 3. Metoclopramide 4. Mirtazapine
Which drug blocks H1 and 5-HT receptors and inhibits ACTH?
Cyproheptadine
What does Cyproheptadine do?
Antihistamine and treats “serotonin syndrome” in dogs and cats.
Which drug is a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist?
Ondansetron
What does Ondansetron do?
Prevents and treats nausea and vomiting from chemotherapy.
What is the MOA of Metoclopramide?
5-HT3 receptor antagonist; also an agonist at 5-HT4 so it can technically be classified as a mixed agonist/antagonist.
This serotonin (5-HT) antagonist is also a D1 and D2 receptor antagonist. It functions as an antiemetic and a pro kinetic.
Metoclopramide
What is the MOA of Mirtazapine?
Enhances noradrenergic and serotonergic activity by antagonizing central presynaptic a2-adrenergic inhibitory receptors. It is also a potent 5-HT2 and 5-HT3 antagonist.
Mirtazapine acts as an…
Antidepressant and an antiemetic
What is an example of a Neurokinin Antagonist?
Maripotant citrate
What is the MOA for Maripotant citrate?
Blocks NK1 receptors and inhibits the release of substance P, which is involved in integration of pain, stress, anxiety and vomiting.
When would you use Maripotant citrate?
Used only in dogs as tablets or injections to prevent acute vomiting due to motion sickness or due to viral infections and chemo.
What four drugs are ACE inhibitors along with being Angiotensin II antagonists?
- Captopril 2. Enalopril 3. Lisinopril 4. Benazepril
Which drug is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist?
Losartan
Name eight drugs that are classified as prostaglandins.
- Misoprostol 2. Dinoprost tromethamine 3. Cloprostenol 4. Fenprostalene 5. Fluprostenol 6. Latanoprost 7. Travoprost 8. Bimatoprose
What is the MOA of Misoprostol?
Synthetic prostaglandin E1; causes GI cytoprotection and decreases acid secretion. This is an anti-ulcer drug.
What is the MOA of Dinoprost tromethamine, Cloprostenol, Fenprostalene and Fluprostenol?
They cause luteolysis and stimulate motility of smooth muscle in the reproductive tract.
What is the MOA of Latanoprost, Travoprost and Bimatoprose?
PG agonist that increases uveoscleral outflow by stimulating FP receptors in the eye.
How is Latanoprost, Travoprost and Bimatoprose used?
Used topically on the eye in treatment of open angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension.
_____ is stored in many tissues, especially lung, skin, GI mucosa and the CNS (“non-mast cell pool” - continuous release.)
Histamine
Histamine is mainly stored in ______ & ______ (“Mast cell pool” - slow production/storage.)
Mast cells and basophils
What stimulates histamine release? (4)
- Immune-induced - antigen/antibody reaction 2. Drug/Chemical induced 3. Plant and animal stings 4. Physical injury or disease
What are four drugs that inhibit histamine release?
- Epinephrine (catecholamine) 2. Cromolyn sodium (mast cell stabilizer) 3. Aminophylline (phosphodiesterase inhibitor) 4. Glucocorticoids (reduced IgE mediated histamine release from mast cells.)
What are some H1-mediated effects? (5)
- Contraction of smooth muscles of GI, bronchioles, uterus and large blood vessels. 2. Vasodilation of capillaries, arterioles and venues and then contraction (edema, hypotension and hypovolemic shock.) 3. Stimulation of exocrine secretion. 4. Positive inotrope 5. CNS stimulation, inhibition of appetite, etc.
What are the First and Second Generation H1 Antagonists?
Which H1 Antagonists are used for allergies and anaphylaxis?
- Diphenhydramine
- Hydroxyzine
- Trimeprazine
Which H1 Antagonists are used for antimotion sickness?
- Dimenhydrinate
- Meclizine
- Promethazine
- Maropitant
What H1 Antagonist is used as a mild sedative?
Diphenhydramine
What are some side effects of H1 Antagonists?
- First generation causes sedation (first generation distribute to CNS while second do not cross the BBB.)
- Antimuscarinic effect (dry mouth, tachycardia, miosis)
- GI irritation
- Alpha-adrenergic blocking effect (phenothiazines)
What are four H2 blockers?
- Cimetidine
- Ranitidine
- Famotidine
- Nizatidine
What is the MOA for H2 blockers?
Competitive antagonists
Which H2 blocker has immunomodulatory effects (inhibits suppressor T cells and enhances cell-mediated immunity)?
Cimetidine
Which two H2 blockers have cholinergic activity and are prokinetic?
Ranitidine and Nizatidine
Do H2 blockers cross the BBB?
No
What is one function of cimetidine?
It inhibits the cytochrome p450 system reducing clearance of other drugs.
What are the uses of H2 blockers?
- Peptic ulcer/Gastric erosive disease
- GI reflux disease
- Cimetidine for equine melanoma
- Ranitidine or Nizatidine are GI prokinetics
Which drug can be used to treat equine melanoma?
Cimetidine
