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Pharmacology II Exam II > Antiparasitics > Flashcards

Antiparasitics Flashcards

1
Q

What is the MOA of an antiprotozoal?

A

Inhibits growth of the parasite

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2
Q

What antiprotozoal is approved for use in goats?

A

Losalocid

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3
Q

What are four types of drugs that treat coccidiosis?

A
  1. Amprolium
  2. Decoquinate
  3. Ionophores (monensin, lasalocid and salinomycin)
  4. Sulfonamides
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4
Q

What is the DOC for treating giardiasis?

A

Metronidazole

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5
Q

What are the DOC for treating amebiasis?

A

Metronidazole and Furazolidone (for use in pregnant animals)

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6
Q

What is the DOC for treating balantidiasis?

A

Metronidazole

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7
Q

What is the DOC for treating trichomoniasis?

A

Metronidazole

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8
Q

Aside from the DOC, what other two drugs can be used to treat trichomoniasis?

A
  1. Clioquinol (for diarrhea in horses)

2. Carnidazole (used in pidgins not intended for human consumption.)

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9
Q

Metronidazole can be used to treat _____.

A
  1. Giardia
  2. Amoebas
  3. Balantidia
  4. Trichomonas
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10
Q

Metronizadole is NOT effective in treating for which protozoans?

A

Coccidia and Toxoplasma

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11
Q

What is the DOC for toxoplasmosis?

A

Clindamycin is the DOC for cats and dogs.

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12
Q

What do you use to treat histomoniasis?

A

Organic arsenicals

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13
Q

What is the DOC for treating babesiosis in horses?

A

Imidocarb

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14
Q

What is the most common drug used to treat anaplasmosis?

A

Oxytetracycline

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15
Q

What are some drugs that treat for sarcocystis neurons in horses? (6)

A
  1. Nitazonxanide oral paste
  2. Ponazuril oral paste
  3. Diclazuril
  4. Trimetoprim- sulfadiazine
  5. Pyrimethamine
  6. Vitamin E
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16
Q

What two drugs can you use to treat for cryptosporidiosis?

A

Paromomycin and Azithromycin Nitazoxanide

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17
Q

What is the MOA for Antitrematodals?

A

They cause parasite death by depleting glycogen reserves due to inhibiting fume rate reductase and blocking mitochondrial functions.

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18
Q

What is the DOC for treating liver flukes in cattle?

A

Clorsulon

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19
Q

Aside from the DOC, what other drug can you use to treat liver flukes, GI and lung nematodes and cestodes in cattle?

A

Albendazole

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20
Q

What are the approved anticestodals in dogs and cats?

A

Dichlorphene, praziquantel, epsiprantel and fenbendazole.

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21
Q

What is the DOC for treating cestodes in dogs and cats?

A

Dichlorphene

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22
Q

What is the MOA of an anticestodal?

A

Praziquantel and epsiprantel cause release of Ca2+ from parasite muscle stores, which causes integument damage and allows removal of the parasite by the host immune system.

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23
Q

What is a anti parasitic drug that can be used in horses, cattle, dogs, cats, swine and sheep?

A

Ivermectin

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24
Q

Ivermectin should not be used in what species?

25
Q

Ivermectin is used to get rid of _____ in dogs and cats?

A

Tissue stages of heartworm larvae

26
Q

Eprinomecin…

A
  • Approved in lactating dairy cattle

- Similar to ivermectin

27
Q

Doramectin…

A
  • Similar to ivermectin

- IM or SQ in cattle

28
Q

What are some uses for selamectin? (6)

A
  1. Topical for dogs and cats
  2. Kills fleas and prevents flea eggs
  3. Prevents heartworm
  4. Ear mites in dogs and cats
  5. Sarcoptic mange and ticks in dogs
  6. Intestinal hookworms and roundworms in cats
29
Q

What is the DOC for treating and preventing heartworm in dogs?

A

Milbemycin Oxime

30
Q

Milbemycin oxime…

A

Prevents heartworm in dogs, along with hookworms, roundworms and whipworms.

31
Q

What drug is used as a pour on for intestinal parasites in cattle, and can also be given orally in dogs and horses?

A

Moxidectin

32
Q

What is the MOA of benzimidazoles?

A

Binds tubulin of parasite microtubules and disrupts cell division. Also acts as an ovoidal and larvicidal.

33
Q

Albendazole is contraindicated in whom?

A

Dairy cattle and cattle that have been pregnant for 45 days.

34
Q

What does albendazole treat?

A

GI worms, lungworms, liver flukes and tapeworms

35
Q

What drug is approved for use in dairy cattle that treats GI worms, lungworms, and Moniezia benedini?

A

Fenbendazole

36
Q

What does fenbendazole treat in dogs?

A

Ascarids, hooks, whips and tapes

37
Q

What is fenbendazole used for in horses?

A

Broad spectrum antinematodal

38
Q

This anti parasitic drug is approved for horses and beef cattle.

A

Oxfendazole

39
Q

This anti parasitic is approved in horses and dogs.

A

Oxibendazole

40
Q

What are two examples of Imidathiazoles?

A

Febantel and Levamisole

41
Q

Febantel is approved for use in _____.

A

Horses, dogs and cats

42
Q

What is Febantel and what is it used for?

A

Febantel is an Imidathiazole and it is used as a broad spectrum drug that has a wide safety margin.

43
Q

What species are approved for treatment with Levamisole?

A

Cattle, sheep and swine

44
Q

What is Levamisole and what is it used for?

A

Levamisole is an Imidathiazole and it is used to treat GI and lungworms. It has a narrow safety margin.

45
Q

What is the MOA for Pyrantel and Morantel?

A

These are depolarizing NM blockers.

46
Q

Pyrantel is approved in which species?

A

Dogs, cats, horses and swine

47
Q

What does Pyrantel treat in…

a) Dogs and Cats
b) Horses
c) Swine

A

a) Large roundworms and hooks
b) Pinworms, roundworms and strongyles
c) Large roundworms and nodular worms

48
Q

Morantel is approved in what two animals?

A

Approved in goats and lactating dairy cattle against GI nematodes.

49
Q

What is an example of an organophosphate drug?

A

Dichlorvos

50
Q

What is the MOA for organophosphates?

A

Cholinesterase inhibitor

51
Q

What are uses for Dichlorvos in…

a) Swine
b) Dogs
c) Cats

A

a) GI worms
b) Rounds, hooks and whips
c) Rounds and whips

52
Q

Combined with praziquantel, this spot on drug can be used to treat rounds, hooks and tapes in cats.

A

Emodepside

53
Q

What is the MOA for Emodepside?

A

Activates G-protein coupled receptors called latrophilin presynaptic receptors at the NM junction of the nematode and increases release of inhibitory peptides PF1 and PF2, which causes paralysis of the somatic muscles and pharyngeal pump and results in death of the parasite.

54
Q

What is the MOA for Piperazine?

A

Competitive NM blocker

55
Q

What does Piperazine treat in…

a) Chickens and Turkeys
b) Swine
c) Horses

A

a) Large roundworms
b) Nodular worms
c) Roundworms, strongyles and pinworms

56
Q

What drug is used as an adulticide therapy for heartworm in dogs?

A

Melarsomine

57
Q

With regards to heartworm, Ivermectin and Milbemycin are used for what life stage? Adverse effects?

A

Microfilaricidal therapy

One adverse effect is that they can cause circulatory collapse.

58
Q

After treating a dog with Ivermectin or Milbemycin, the dog underwent circulatory collapse. What is the treatment for this?

A

Glucocorticoids and fluids

59
Q

What drugs are used as preventatives for heartworm in dogs?

A

Ivermectin, Milbemycin oxime, Moxidectin and Selamectin

Pharmacology II Exam II (5 decks)

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