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PSCL 479 > Autism!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! > Flashcards

Autism!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Flashcards

1
Q

Autism is

A

A neurodevelopmental disorder

Deficits in social communication

Restricted/repetitive behaviors and/or interests

Neurologically based

A genetic predisposition

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2
Q

What are the two core domains of symptoms of autism

A

Deficits in social communication

Restricted/repetitive patterns of behavior and/or interest

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3
Q

How does general social communication deficits manifest in Autism?

A

Nonverbal communication impairments

Disruption in social-emotional reciprocity

Social relationship challenges

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4
Q

Examples of nonverbal communication impairments

A

Eye contact

Facial expressions

Gestures

Vocal intonation and prosody

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5
Q

Examples of disruption in social-emotional reciprocity

A

Reduced joint attention

Problems with reciprocal conversation

Deficits in theory of mind

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6
Q

Examples of social relationship challenges

A

Deficits in play skills, particularly imaginative play

Difficulty initiating and maintaining friendships

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7
Q

Level 1 Autism

A

“Requiring Support”

Social deficits cause noticeable impairments, Difficulty intitiating social interactions, atypical responses to social overtures of others, Appear to have decreased social interest

Inflexibilty of behavior causing significant intereference in one or more contexts, Difficulty switching between activites, Problems of organization and planning

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8
Q

What years does first concerns typically appear in autism

A

1 and 2 – always there from birth

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9
Q

Children with these stronger skills their concerns usually do not appear until when

A

Language and core cognitive skills, when social demands outpace their abilities

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10
Q

What is the social model of disability

A

Disability is rooted predominantly in inaccessible social and political infrastructure

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11
Q

Early diagnosis and treatment of autism has been shown to what

A

Improve many areas of functioning and decrease need for later services

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12
Q

What does comprehensive treatment for autism often includes?

A

Intensive behavioral intervention, building social and communication skills

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13
Q

What are the two most common comorbid ASD conditions

A

ID and ADHD

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14
Q

(T/F) A minority of children with ASD have comorbid neurodevelopmental or psychiatric conditions

A

False

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15
Q

What is the history of autism diagnosis

A

Leo Kanner in 1943, Hans Asperger in 1944, DSM-III in 1980, DSM-IV-TR (2000), DSM-V (2013)

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16
Q

Leo Kanner

A

1943

Notied social and behavioral impairments

No credit taken by Wolff in 2004

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17
Q

Hans Asperger

A

1944

Atypical talent in academic and creative domains

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18
Q

DSM-III

A

1980

Autism first recognized as a disorder as Infantile Autism

Pervasive Developmental Disorders

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19
Q

DSM-IV-TR

A

2000
5 pervasive developmental disorders

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20
Q

DSM-V

A

2013
Autism Spectrum Disorder

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21
Q

What has the rise in autism rates been

A

2000: 1 in 150

2004: 1 in 125

2008: 1 in 88

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22
Q

Are the rise in autism rates a concern

A

Maybe, better getting better at diagnosis, higher awareness, diagnostic substitution, and making it less socially stigmatized

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23
Q

Prevalence of Autism

A

1 in 36

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24
Q

Percentage of ASD people with co-occurring IDs

A

31%

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25
Q

What is the gender ratio in autism and sociodemographic factors of autism

A

Range of 2:1 to 6:1 boy to girl ratio – greater gender ratio (more boys to girls) for those with higher IQs

Women, Ethic minorities, and low income children are more likely to be misdiagnosed or diagnosed late

26
Q

Prominent symptoms and challenges of autism from birth to 12 months

A

Reduced eye contact and gaze to faces

Lack of social smile

Reduced babbling and vocalizations

Unusual sensory responses

Impaired motor coordination

27
Q

Prominent symptoms and challenges of autism from 2 - 5 years

A

Reduced peer interactions

Unusual or stereotyped language

Deficits in pretend play

Unusual and restricted interests

Insistence on sameness

28
Q

Prominent symptoms and challenges of autism in middle childhood

A

Deficits in reciprocal conversation

Poor friendship quality

Problems with attention and learning

29
Q

Prominent symptoms and challenges of autism in adolescense

A

Problems with execute funcitoning

Poor understanding of social cues

Poor hygiene and self care

Social isolation and bullying

30
Q

Prominent Symptoms and Challenges of Autism in Adulthood

A

Under-employment

Housing challenges

Difficulties with activities of daily living

Few and poor quality relationships

31
Q

What Lanaguage and Communcation Impairments do we see in Autism

A

Delayed or no spoken language

If speech: impairment in initiation and sustaining conversations

Sterotyped and reptitive use of langauge

Lack of varied and spontaneous make believe play or social imitative play appropriate

32
Q

What are the early developmental signs of autism

A

Focus on inanimate objects

Less interest in parents faces

Failure of joint attention

Mind Blindness

33
Q

The single most idangoistic sign in retrospective studies of autism (in 1st birthday party videos)

A

Lack of looking at faces

34
Q

What is joint attention and why is it important

A

Situation where two people both focus on an object of interest

Important for social cognitive development such as theory of mind

35
Q

What is mind blindness

A

The same thing as theory of mind

Deficits in ability to think of others in their shoes

36
Q

In TD child when does focus on eye region start

A

2 months

37
Q

In TD child when does discriminating direction of gaze start

A

4 - 5 months and competent by 18 months

38
Q

In TD child when does joint attention begin

A

1 year

39
Q

In TD child when does theory of mind begin

A

3 years

40
Q

Describe TD newborns behavior with face like patterns when they are born

A

Like to look longer and track more consistently to face like patterns

41
Q

Associated neurodevelopmental conditions

A

ID (31%), ADHD (16 - 50%), Tic disorders (22%)

42
Q

Associated psychiatric conditions and how to treat them

A

Anxiety is most common

Also OCD, depression, etc

Best to treat with psychotherapy via CBT

43
Q

Epilepsy and autism

A

8 - 30%

More common in females with co-occurring IDs

44
Q

What percent of those with autism have a genetic condition

A

10%

45
Q

Associated general psychopathological impairments

A

Sleep, Feeding, Toileting, Gastrointestinal symptoms

46
Q

Percent of autism people that are nonverbal

A

25%

47
Q

Specific social practices of autism

A

Echolalia, Pronoun reversal, monotonic voice, pragmatic deficits

48
Q

What age does ability in communication predict outcomes

A

Age 5

49
Q

(T/F) Deficits are not due to associated IDs in autism

A

True

50
Q

What percent of autisms acquire language to be used for communication (5 years old level communication)

A

70%

51
Q

What percent of diagnosed don’t meet criteria by school age

A

10%

52
Q

The general catagories of etiology of autism

A

genetics, environmental factors, neural circuitry, brain development

53
Q

What in genetics of ASD could be etiological?

A

Runs in families, association with known genetic disorders (FXS, PWS)

54
Q

What in environmental factors of ASD could be etiological?

A

Pregnancy Complications, Neurodevelopmental insults, prenatal infections

55
Q

What environmental factors has there been shown to be no etiological association with autism?

A

toxic environmental exposures, vaccines

56
Q

What brain and development and neural circuitry areas are of focus in autism etiology?

A

Early overgrowth theory, Certain key brain areas, Differences in brain connectivity and funcitoning

57
Q

Early overgrowth theory

A

The brain develops rapidly at the start and has to slow down

58
Q

What are the key brain areas in the etiology of autism

A

Fronto-temporal and frontal parietal regions, Limbic brain regions, Fronto-stratal circuitry, Cerebellum

59
Q

When are early children screened for autism

A

standard screening at 18 and 24 months and well child visits

60
Q

What evaluation is used for asd?

A

developmental history and interview with caregivers, observation of child’s behavior, multidisciplinary assessment, questionnaires, interviews, physical examination, genetic testing

PSCL 479 (14 decks)

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