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PSCL 479 > Autism!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! > Flashcards

Autism!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Flashcards

1
Q

Autism is

A

A neurodevelopmental disorder

Deficits in social communication

Restricted/repetitive behaviors and/or interests

Neurologically based

A genetic predisposition

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2
Q

What are the two core domains of symptoms of autism

A

Deficits in social communication

Restricted/repetitive patterns of behavior and/or interest

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3
Q

How does general social communication deficits manifest in Autism?

A

Nonverbal communication impairments

Disruption in social-emotional reciprocity

Social relationship challenges

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4
Q

Examples of nonverbal communication impairments

A

Eye contact

Facial expressions

Gestures

Vocal intonation and prosody

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5
Q

Examples of disruption in social-emotional reciprocity

A

Reduced joint attention

Problems with reciprocal conversation

Deficits in theory of mind

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6
Q

Examples of social relationship challenges

A

Deficits in play skills, particularly imaginative play

Difficulty initiating and maintaining friendships

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7
Q

Level 1 Autism

A

“Requiring Support”

Social deficits cause noticeable impairments, Difficulty intitiating social interactions, atypical responses to social overtures of others, Appear to have decreased social interest

Inflexibilty of behavior causing significant intereference in one or more contexts, Difficulty switching between activites, Problems of organization and planning

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8
Q

What years does first concerns typically appear in autism

A

1 and 2 – always there from birth

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9
Q

Children with these stronger skills their concerns usually do not appear until when

A

Language and core cognitive skills, when social demands outpace their abilities

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10
Q

What is the social model of disability

A

Disability is rooted predominantly in inaccessible social and political infrastructure

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11
Q

Early diagnosis and treatment of autism has been shown to what

A

Improve many areas of functioning and decrease need for later services

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12
Q

What does comprehensive treatment for autism often includes?

A

Intensive behavioral intervention, building social and communication skills

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13
Q

What are the two most common comorbid ASD conditions

A

ID and ADHD

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14
Q

(T/F) A minority of children with ASD have comorbid neurodevelopmental or psychiatric conditions

A

False

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15
Q

What is the history of autism diagnosis

A

Leo Kanner in 1943, Hans Asperger in 1944, DSM-III in 1980, DSM-IV-TR (2000), DSM-V (2013)

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16
Q

Leo Kanner

A

1943

Notied social and behavioral impairments

No credit taken by Wolff in 2004

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17
Q

Hans Asperger

A

1944

Atypical talent in academic and creative domains

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18
Q

DSM-III

A

1980

Autism first recognized as a disorder as Infantile Autism

Pervasive Developmental Disorders

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19
Q

DSM-IV-TR

A

2000
5 pervasive developmental disorders

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20
Q

DSM-V

A

2013
Autism Spectrum Disorder

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21
Q

What has the rise in autism rates been

A

2000: 1 in 150

2004: 1 in 125

2008: 1 in 88

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22
Q

Are the rise in autism rates a concern

A

Maybe, better getting better at diagnosis, higher awareness, diagnostic substitution, and making it less socially stigmatized

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23
Q

Prevalence of Autism

A

1 in 36

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24
Q

Percentage of ASD people with co-occurring IDs

A

31%

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25
What is the gender ratio in autism and sociodemographic factors of autism
Range of 2:1 to 6:1 boy to girl ratio -- greater gender ratio (more boys to girls) for those with higher IQs Women, Ethic minorities, and low income children are more likely to be misdiagnosed or diagnosed late
26
Prominent symptoms and challenges of autism from birth to 12 months
Reduced eye contact and gaze to faces Lack of social smile Reduced babbling and vocalizations Unusual sensory responses Impaired motor coordination
27
Prominent symptoms and challenges of autism from 2 - 5 years
Reduced peer interactions Unusual or stereotyped language Deficits in pretend play Unusual and restricted interests Insistence on sameness
28
Prominent symptoms and challenges of autism in middle childhood
Deficits in reciprocal conversation Poor friendship quality Problems with attention and learning
29
Prominent symptoms and challenges of autism in adolescense
Problems with execute funcitoning Poor understanding of social cues Poor hygiene and self care Social isolation and bullying
30
Prominent Symptoms and Challenges of Autism in Adulthood
Under-employment Housing challenges Difficulties with activities of daily living Few and poor quality relationships
31
What Lanaguage and Communcation Impairments do we see in Autism
Delayed or no spoken language If speech: impairment in initiation and sustaining conversations Sterotyped and reptitive use of langauge Lack of varied and spontaneous make believe play or social imitative play appropriate
32
What are the early developmental signs of autism
Focus on inanimate objects Less interest in parents faces Failure of joint attention Mind Blindness
33
The single most idangoistic sign in retrospective studies of autism (in 1st birthday party videos)
Lack of looking at faces
34
What is joint attention and why is it important
Situation where two people both focus on an object of interest Important for social cognitive development such as theory of mind
35
What is mind blindness
The same thing as theory of mind Deficits in ability to think of others in their shoes
36
In TD child when does focus on eye region start
2 months
37
In TD child when does discriminating direction of gaze start
4 - 5 months and competent by 18 months
38
In TD child when does joint attention begin
1 year
39
In TD child when does theory of mind begin
3 years
40
Describe TD newborns behavior with face like patterns when they are born
Like to look longer and track more consistently to face like patterns
41
Associated neurodevelopmental conditions
ID (31%), ADHD (16 - 50%), Tic disorders (22%)
42
Associated psychiatric conditions and how to treat them
Anxiety is most common Also OCD, depression, etc Best to treat with psychotherapy via CBT
43
Epilepsy and autism
8 - 30% More common in females with co-occurring IDs
44
What percent of those with autism have a genetic condition
10%
45
Associated general psychopathological impairments
Sleep, Feeding, Toileting, Gastrointestinal symptoms
46
Percent of autism people that are nonverbal
25%
47
Specific social practices of autism
Echolalia, Pronoun reversal, monotonic voice, pragmatic deficits
48
What age does ability in communication predict outcomes
Age 5
49
(T/F) Deficits are not due to associated IDs in autism
True
50
What percent of autisms acquire language to be used for communication (5 years old level communication)
70%
51
What percent of diagnosed don't meet criteria by school age
10%
52
The general catagories of etiology of autism
genetics, environmental factors, neural circuitry, brain development
53
What in genetics of ASD could be etiological?
Runs in families, association with known genetic disorders (FXS, PWS)
54
What in environmental factors of ASD could be etiological?
Pregnancy Complications, Neurodevelopmental insults, prenatal infections
55
What environmental factors has there been shown to be no etiological association with autism?
toxic environmental exposures, vaccines
56
What brain and development and neural circuitry areas are of focus in autism etiology?
Early overgrowth theory, Certain key brain areas, Differences in brain connectivity and funcitoning
57
Early overgrowth theory
The brain develops rapidly at the start and has to slow down
58
What are the key brain areas in the etiology of autism
Fronto-temporal and frontal parietal regions, Limbic brain regions, Fronto-stratal circuitry, Cerebellum
59
When are early children screened for autism
standard screening at 18 and 24 months and well child visits
60
What evaluation is used for asd?
developmental history and interview with caregivers, observation of child's behavior, multidisciplinary assessment, questionnaires, interviews, physical examination, genetic testing

PSCL 479 (14 decks)

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