Authors and topics

Question 1

Innovation Models by Joe Tidd

Answer 1

• Early models are linear;
• Discontinuous innovations vs incremental innovation
• Abernathy and Clark: Fluid phase after discontinuous innovation –> experiment until dominant design;
• Chistensen: Disruptive innovation and failure of esthablished firms;
• Influence of national demand, innovation patterns and social pressures
• Focus on innovation networks;
• > Four zones based on heterogeneity of firms and level of radical innovation
• Benefits from innovations: capacity to translate into products AND to defend from imitators;
• Diffusion of innovation is influenced by: relative advantage, compatibility, complexity, trials, observability;

Question 2

Disruptive Technologies - Bower & Christensen 1995

Answer 2

• Leading companies often fail;
• Focus on their current market;
• Two characteristics of disruptive: (1) different package of performance attributes (2) Those attributes develop rapidly;
• Reason firms stay away: up market, down market, processes to allocate resources;
• Diagram performance trajectory;
• Determine if disruptive, define strategic significance of innovation, locate its initial market, put in separate company, keep in separate company

Question 3

New organization logic - Yoo et al 2010

Answer 3

• Generativity in technology;
• Miniaturization;
• 3 characteristics of digital innovation: (1) Reprogrammability (2) homogenization of data (3) self-referential nature
• Four layers of digital technology (device, network, service, content)
• Layered modular architecture (still bound to physical properties of the product);
• Traditional: difference in degree - Layered modular: difference in kind;
• LMA enables a product to be a platform;
• Doubly distributed organizing logic;
  (doubly: control over components is distributed and knowledge about product is distributed)
• LMA influences the IT infrastructure of firms (from vertical integration, to inter- / intra-organizational processes, to ?)

Question 4

Digital Innovation Review - Kohli & Melville 2018

Answer 4

• IS innovation: involves product and processes and requires significant organizing change;
• Initiate - See others do it / distinguish between innovation and fad on gathered knowledge / knowledge - innovation enable eachother
• Develop - creation of artifacts (design science) and adoption of artifacts. Different layers, top management support for adoption, vendor IS always needs to be adapted
• Implement - organizational change because of innovation/ Influenced by organizational characteristics, employee behaviour over time

Exploit - Other uses than intended, exceed goals. Serendipity for prepared firms, learning and change management critical, sensemaking through use fosters innovation, internal/external knowledge sharing important.

External environment - alertness and environmental scanning key capabilities, entrepreneurial alertness, IS places key role in sensing

Internal environment - Support by management, experimentation

• Digital outcomes - IT enabled, metrics, patents,

Tensions: human role in initiation, organization as one voice, is initiation a process?
Develop: also focus on the process, take holistic approach
Implement + exploit: innovation through organic use, artifacts effectiveness also based on context

Question 5

Digital Innovation Management - Nambisan 2017

Answer 5

• 3 assumptions: well established, innovation agency is centralized and pre-defined, outcomes and process are separate;
• Dynamic problem-solution pairing
• socio-cognitive sensemaking
• Technology affordances
• Orchestration
• New research should include behavioural sciences based on data analysis and simulations

Question 6

Socio material practices - Orlikowski 2007

Answer 6

• Materiality
• Two current views: (1) Disregard or downplay (2) only consider materiality in technology adoption, diffusion and use
  Latter: techno-centric approach and human-centered approach
• Constitutive entanglement (blackberry, google search)
• Social materiality delivers results that are –> Emergent (temporarily binds actors) and convergent (changes over time)

Question 7

Organizing for innovation - Yoo et al 2012

Answer 7

• Pervasive Digital technology (–> digital capabilities in physical products, adopted by large groups)
• Reprogrammability + data homogenization leads to (1) Generativity and (2) Convergence
• Generativity: Supporting the creation of novel products + potential to drive change
• Convergence: The act of moving towards union
• 3 ways of convergence: (1) user experiences (2) different industries (3) 1 product for more uses
• 3 ways of generativity: (1) form and function not connected anymore (2) enables wakes of innovation (3) Digital traces as by-product
• 3 traits of pervasive digital technologies
  (1) Digital platforms
  (2) Distributed innovation
  (3) Combinatorial Innovation

Question 8

Digital Innovation and Transformation - Hinnings et al 2018

Answer 8

A combination of digital innovations can lead to digital transformation. Once the digital transformation leads to either new digital forms of organizing, new digital infrastructures or new digital building blocks for organizing this is an institutional change.

Institutional change is dependent on socio-cultural factors within the organization though. These are pressures within an organization regarding norms and values, since firms are not solely rational. Therefore, any change need to be legitimate –> needs to be okay-ed with the stakeholders.

Additonally, new forms of digital organizing is in relation with the existing forms and existing frameworks. They still need to adhere to regulations from the government and what is considered okay in society.
New digital forms of organizing  Airbnb, uber
New digital infrastructures  product platforms, such as apple, or just a platform with apps, blockchain
New digital building blocks  ERP systems, wordpress