authoritarian states

Question 1

castro emergence economic factors

Answer 1

US owned majority of inductry, leaving people dependent in sugar (monoculture economy), high vulnerable

Question 2

castro emergence social division

Answer 2

batista only cared about his relationship with teh US, porr living conditions, no electrivity or clean water, lack of healthcare and education, high illiteracy

Question 3

castro emergence weakness of political system

Answer 3

demcratic system not effective, batista led as dictator from 1933-44 behind puppet presidents and from 1952. authentic party, orthodox part and popular socialist party

Question 4

castro emergence methods of establishment

Answer 4

monacada assult 1953, 26 july movement, granma expedition 1956

Question 5

castro emergence role of ideology

Answer 5

nationalism, some communist. manifestoes to encourage guerilla warfare, history will absolve me

Question 6

castro emergence history will absolve me

Answer 6

moncada assult 1953 trial. agrarian reform, rent reduction, industrial developemnt and modernization, improvement of public utilities, education and heatltcare

Question 7

castro consolidation

Answer 7

removal of Batista supporters, commander as teh armed forces, new domestic policies, banning political parties in 1965, charsmatic leadership

Question 8

castro maintenace

Answer 8

charismatic leadership, foreign relations, propaganda, opposition control

Question 9

castro opposition

Answer 9

wanted democracy and capitalism, ochoa crisis 1989, 1992 purge, varela project 2003. labour camps, show trials, committee of defence of the revolution

Question 10

castro foreign policies

Answer 10

nationalization of oil and sugar companies in 1960, collaboration with communist regimes, cuban missiel crisis

Question 11

castro policies economy

Answer 11

agrarian reform, nationalization, long-term plan with the USSR, increasing sugar production, more employment in cities. now - subject to teh world market, fluctuating prices, tourism

Question 12

castro policies political

Answer 12

forbade foreign land ownership, 200 000 peasants recieved titles, rent under 100 USD was halved, reform in legal system, social system permanent

Question 13

castro policies social living standards

Answer 13

redistribution of wealth, prices of basics kept low, higher employment rates, rationing

Question 14

castro policies social healthcare

Answer 14

a right to citizens, intant moratlity dropped

Question 15

castro policies social housing

Answer 15

less effective than other fields, problems in construction and materials, prioritized hospitals and schools

Question 16

castro policies social education

Answer 16

expanded higher eduaction to rural areas, illiteracy rates dropped drastically,

Question 17

castro policies social women and minorities

Answer 17

women: equal pay, better on paper. black people: 1959 proclamation vs discrimination speech, white men still held power. same sex: legal, but still unwanted, strong homophobia. religious minorities: 1992 constitution declared cuba as secular rather than atheist

Question 18

castro authoritarian control

Answer 18

“first the revolutions, then the elections, political developments differ over the extent to which it has moved towards a greater political democracy

Question 19

nasser emergence egypt before WW1

Answer 19

egyptian independence 1922, ango-egyptian treaty

Question 20

nasser emergence egypt and WW1

Answer 20

abdin palace coup 1942, nationalists supported the germans

Question 21

nasser emergence social division

Answer 21

free officers’ movement, 6 point plan

Question 22

nasser emergence economy and social con

Answer 22

great economic depression in 1930s, 6% of landowners owned 65% of all land, 77% of population above 5 were illiterate, life expectancy 36 y (69 US), poor living conditions, lack of housing, workers’ rights

Question 23

nasser emergence political con

Answer 23

demands for independence, demonstartions 1946, 1948 arab israeli war, unification of sudan and egypt

Question 24

nasser emergence establishment

Answer 24

1952 coup, land reform (10% redistributed), liberation rally 1953, monarchy dissolved in 1953, speech 1954 to lift ban on political parties end censorship and gradual relase of political prisoners, naguib removed form office in 1954, 1955 nasser president

Question 25

nasser consolidation

Answer 25

suez canal crisis 1956, national union 1957, egyptization, five year plan 1958, united arab republic 1958-61

Question 26

nasser maintenace

Answer 26

non-aligned movement

Question 27

nasser foreign policies

Answer 27

UAR, six day war,

Question 28

nasser policies education

Answer 28

1952-57, primary school compulsory, literacy at 50% in 1970, encouraged science and tech, al-azhar, 34/80 thousand HS grads attended uni, free tuition and grants for those unable to support themselves

Question 29

nasser policies women

Answer 29

banned the veil, better access to education and proffessions

Question 30

nasser policies religion

Answer 30

muslim brotehrhood = rivals, wanted to embrace change with Islam

Question 31

nasser policies media and culture

Answer 31

newspapers under state ownership in 1960 and strict censorship, film industry nationalized in 1963, began featuring class stuggle

Question 32

nasser opposition and treatment

Answer 32

communists, purge in 1950. muslim brotherhood, assasination attempt in 1954, arrests in 1965, threat to the system, against political islam, secret police and concnetration camps

Question 33

nasser authoritarian control

Answer 33

nationalist, wanted to unite arab countries, tried to remove the middle class from power

Question 34

We began to “——-“, which proved that in Cuba the repressive machine, just as in other tyrannies of the “—” on this planet, “–“any opponent who was marked for death, and masked the events as a product of “—”

Answer 34

We began to reconstruct trial proceedings, which proved that in Cuba the repressive machine, just as in other tyrannies of the “left” on this planet, indiscriminately killed any opponent who was marked for death, and masked the events as a product of “revolutionary justice.” The president of the Miami-based Cuban Committee for Human Rights, Ricardo Bofill

Question 35

“[in 1958, cuba had] more “—” than Britain, and lower “—” than “—” and Germany ,,, Today, Cuba’s infant-mortality rate – despite the hemisphere’s “—”, which skews this figure downward – is “—“from the top.”

Answer 35

“[in 1958, cuba had] more doctors and dentists per capita than Britain, and lower infant mortality than France and Germany … Today, Cuba’s infant-mortality rate – despite the hemisphere’s highest abortion rate, which skews this figure downward – is 24th from the top.” Humberto Fontova, cuan-american political commentator

Question 36

and a “–” rate higher than Stalin’s

Answer 36

and a political incarceration rate higher than Stalin’s —- Humberto Fontova, cuan-american political commentator

Question 37

Historians, however, often recognize the complexity of “—” character, his “—”, and his sometime “—“decisions.

Answer 37

Historians, however, often recognize the complexity of Nasser’s character, his contradictory traits, and his sometime inexplicable decisions. Omar Khalifah, historian

Question 38

Nasser’s
devotion to “—-“ and his commitment to the “—” of the Egyptian masses
are often “—” by his “—” to create a practical and “—” beyond
the influence of his “—”.

Answer 38

Nasser’s
devotion to Arab nationalism and his commitment to the welfare of the Egyptian masses
are often overshadowed by his failure to create a practical and enduring power base beyond
the influence of his charisma.

Question 39

“[the six point plan provided Egyptians with a] long-sought,
ego-enhancing identity”

Answer 39

“long-sought,
ego-enhancing identity” (about the six point plan) Baha Abu-Laban, historian