authoritarian states Flashcards
castro emergence economic factors
US owned majority of inductry, leaving people dependent in sugar (monoculture economy), high vulnerable
castro emergence social division
batista only cared about his relationship with teh US, porr living conditions, no electrivity or clean water, lack of healthcare and education, high illiteracy
castro emergence weakness of political system
demcratic system not effective, batista led as dictator from 1933-44 behind puppet presidents and from 1952. authentic party, orthodox part and popular socialist party
castro emergence methods of establishment
monacada assult 1953, 26 july movement, granma expedition 1956
castro emergence role of ideology
nationalism, some communist. manifestoes to encourage guerilla warfare, history will absolve me
castro emergence history will absolve me
moncada assult 1953 trial. agrarian reform, rent reduction, industrial developemnt and modernization, improvement of public utilities, education and heatltcare
castro consolidation
removal of Batista supporters, commander as teh armed forces, new domestic policies, banning political parties in 1965, charsmatic leadership
castro maintenace
charismatic leadership, foreign relations, propaganda, opposition control
castro opposition
wanted democracy and capitalism, ochoa crisis 1989, 1992 purge, varela project 2003. labour camps, show trials, committee of defence of the revolution
castro foreign policies
nationalization of oil and sugar companies in 1960, collaboration with communist regimes, cuban missiel crisis
castro policies economy
agrarian reform, nationalization, long-term plan with the USSR, increasing sugar production, more employment in cities. now - subject to teh world market, fluctuating prices, tourism
castro policies political
forbade foreign land ownership, 200 000 peasants recieved titles, rent under 100 USD was halved, reform in legal system, social system permanent
castro policies social living standards
redistribution of wealth, prices of basics kept low, higher employment rates, rationing
castro policies social healthcare
a right to citizens, intant moratlity dropped
castro policies social housing
less effective than other fields, problems in construction and materials, prioritized hospitals and schools
castro policies social education
expanded higher eduaction to rural areas, illiteracy rates dropped drastically,
castro policies social women and minorities
women: equal pay, better on paper. black people: 1959 proclamation vs discrimination speech, white men still held power. same sex: legal, but still unwanted, strong homophobia. religious minorities: 1992 constitution declared cuba as secular rather than atheist
castro authoritarian control
“first the revolutions, then the elections, political developments differ over the extent to which it has moved towards a greater political democracy
nasser emergence egypt before WW1
egyptian independence 1922, ango-egyptian treaty
nasser emergence egypt and WW1
abdin palace coup 1942, nationalists supported the germans
nasser emergence social division
free officers’ movement, 6 point plan
nasser emergence economy and social con
great economic depression in 1930s, 6% of landowners owned 65% of all land, 77% of population above 5 were illiterate, life expectancy 36 y (69 US), poor living conditions, lack of housing, workers’ rights
nasser emergence political con
demands for independence, demonstartions 1946, 1948 arab israeli war, unification of sudan and egypt
nasser emergence establishment
1952 coup, land reform (10% redistributed), liberation rally 1953, monarchy dissolved in 1953, speech 1954 to lift ban on political parties end censorship and gradual relase of political prisoners, naguib removed form office in 1954, 1955 nasser president
nasser consolidation
suez canal crisis 1956, national union 1957, egyptization, five year plan 1958, united arab republic 1958-61
nasser maintenace
non-aligned movement
nasser foreign policies
UAR, six day war,
nasser policies education
1952-57, primary school compulsory, literacy at 50% in 1970, encouraged science and tech, al-azhar, 34/80 thousand HS grads attended uni, free tuition and grants for those unable to support themselves
nasser policies women
banned the veil, better access to education and proffessions
nasser policies religion
muslim brotehrhood = rivals, wanted to embrace change with Islam
nasser policies media and culture
newspapers under state ownership in 1960 and strict censorship, film industry nationalized in 1963, began featuring class stuggle
nasser opposition and treatment
communists, purge in 1950. muslim brotherhood, assasination attempt in 1954, arrests in 1965, threat to the system, against political islam, secret police and concnetration camps
nasser authoritarian control
nationalist, wanted to unite arab countries, tried to remove the middle class from power
We began to “——-“, which proved that in Cuba the repressive machine, just as in other tyrannies of the “—” on this planet, “–“any opponent who was marked for death, and masked the events as a product of “—”
We began to reconstruct trial proceedings, which proved that in Cuba the repressive machine, just as in other tyrannies of the “left” on this planet, indiscriminately killed any opponent who was marked for death, and masked the events as a product of “revolutionary justice.” The president of the Miami-based Cuban Committee for Human Rights, Ricardo Bofill
“[in 1958, cuba had] more “—” than Britain, and lower “—” than “—” and Germany ,,, Today, Cuba’s infant-mortality rate – despite the hemisphere’s “—”, which skews this figure downward – is “—“from the top.”
“[in 1958, cuba had] more doctors and dentists per capita than Britain, and lower infant mortality than France and Germany … Today, Cuba’s infant-mortality rate – despite the hemisphere’s highest abortion rate, which skews this figure downward – is 24th from the top.” Humberto Fontova, cuan-american political commentator
and a “–” rate higher than Stalin’s
and a political incarceration rate higher than Stalin’s —- Humberto Fontova, cuan-american political commentator
Historians, however, often recognize the complexity of “—” character, his “—”, and his sometime “—“decisions.
Historians, however, often recognize the complexity of Nasser’s character, his contradictory traits, and his sometime inexplicable decisions. Omar Khalifah, historian
Nasser’s
devotion to “—-“ and his commitment to the “—” of the Egyptian masses
are often “—” by his “—” to create a practical and “—” beyond
the influence of his “—”.
Nasser’s
devotion to Arab nationalism and his commitment to the welfare of the Egyptian masses
are often overshadowed by his failure to create a practical and enduring power base beyond
the influence of his charisma.
“[the six point plan provided Egyptians with a] long-sought,
ego-enhancing identity”
“long-sought,
ego-enhancing identity” (about the six point plan) Baha Abu-Laban, historian
