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RUSVM Pharmacology > Autacoids > Flashcards

Autacoids Flashcards

1
Q

________ are chemical mediators that are synthesized and fusion in a localized tissue or area, and participate in the physiologic or pathophysiologic response to injury

A

Autacoids

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2
Q

What are the groups of allergy drugs?

A

Antihistamines (H1)
Leukotiriene inhibitors
Janus kinase inhibitors

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3
Q

What two groups to the behavior modifying drugs fall into ?

A

Serotonin (5-HT) altering

Tricyclic antidepressants

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4
Q

Histamine is synthesized form?

A

Dietary histidine

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5
Q

Where is histamine stored int he body ?

A

Tissue - lung, skin, stomach

Cellular - mast cells and basophils

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6
Q

What are triggers for histamine release?

A

Immune-mediated (degraulation of mast cells/basophils)
Drug-induced (hypersensitivity )
Plant/animal stings
Physical injury (disrupt mast cells)

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7
Q

What are the histamine receptors

A

Type 1- Gq coupled
Type 2- Gs coupled

Type 3- presynaptic neuron
Type 4 - inflammatory cells

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8
Q

What type of reaction are type 1 histamine receptors involved in?

A

Gq coupled -> Ca and protein kinase C

Contraction of smooth muscle
Increase bronchial secretion
Inflammation

Relax vascular smooth muscle
Increase capillary permeability

Pruritus

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9
Q

What type of reaction are type 2 histamine receptors involved in?

A

Gas-coupled -> adenylyl cyclase -> increase cAMP

Relaxation of vascular smooth muscle and increased gastric acid secretion

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10
Q

What are targets for antihistamine drugs?

A

Prevent release from mast cells

  • glucocorticoids
  • chromolyn sodium

Histamine antagonist
-catecholamines physiologically antagonize effects

Block histamine receptors

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11
Q

Type 1 receptor antagonist will have what effects?

A

Relax bronchiolar and intestinal smooth muscle

Inhibit vasodilation by histamine

Inhibit pruritus (local anesthesia and reduce sensation)

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12
Q

What is a common side effect, especially by 1st generation, antihistamines?

A

Sedation

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13
Q

How are Type 1 receptor antagonists administered and metabolized?

A

Orally - well distributed

Metabolized by P450

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14
Q

How are type 1 receptor antagonists excreted?

A

First gen -> kidney

Second gen -> feces

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15
Q

What are the adverse effects of type 1 receptor antagonists?

A 
CNS depression 
Antimuscarinic signs (dry mouth and increased IOP)

Drug tolerance
Rarely hypersensitivity

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16
Q

What are the first gen type 1 receptor antagonists?

A

Diphenhydramine
Hydroxyzine
Trimeprazine
Ketotifen -ophthalmic

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17
Q

What are the second gen type 1 receptor antagonists?

A

Loratadine (human, little info in vet patients)

Most well tolerated

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18
Q

What is the primary use of type 2 receptor antagonists?

A

Treat/prevent gastric ulcers and gastritis associated with hyperacidity

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19
Q

What are the H2 receptor antagonists?

A

Cimetidine, famotidine, and ranitidine

20
Q

How do Janus-kinase inhibitors have an anti-pruritic effect ?

A

JAK 1 and JAK 3
Inhibits pro-inflammatory cytokines
Inhibit IL31-> neuronal sensation of itching

21
Q

What are adverse effects of oclacitinib?

A

GI signs
Polydipsia
Lethargy

22
Q

Oclacitinib is a _____________ used to reduce pruritus

A

Janus kinase inhibitor

23
Q

Leukotriene inhibitors reduce pruritus by? What drug is in this group?

A

Inhibiting IL31

Zafirlukast

24
Q

What are the 4 drugs used to treat behavioural issues that we discussed?

A

Clomipramine
Fluoxetine
Trazodone
Doxepin

25
Q

Benzodiazepines work on the _______ receptor and have what behaviour modifying effect?

A

A2

Anxiolytics
Adjunct therapy if issue is associated with anxiety

26
Q

What is the major side effect to benzodiazepine when used as an anxiolytics?

A

Sedation

27
Q

How doe TCA’s modify behaviour

A

Tricyclics antidepressant

-> increase neurotransmitter level (serotonin and norepi) by preventing reuptake

28
Q

What type of drug is clomipramine?

A

Tricyclics antidepressant

29
Q

Cloipramien should not be used with ??

A 
MAO inhibitors (selegiline) 
Aged cheeses (tyramine)
30
Q

When is clomipramine contraindicated?

A

When anticholinergics are contraindicated

Glaucoma
Decreased GI motility
Arrhythmia

31
Q

How does a SSRI modify behaviour?

A

Selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitor

Prevent re-uptake of serotonin by the presynaptic neuron -> increase duration (increased level of serotonin)

32
Q

Fluoxetine is what type of drug?

A

Selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitor

33
Q

How is fluoxetine administered?

A

Orally

Transdermal in cat (compounded)

34
Q

What are adverse effects to using fluoxetine?

A

Seizure
Lethargy
Anorexia
Aggression

35
Q

What do I use to treat separation anxiety in canines?

A

Fluoxetine

36
Q

What type of drug is trazodone?

A

Serotonin 2A Antagonist/Reuptake inhibitor (SARI)

37
Q

What is the MOA of trazodone?

A

Antagonized a1 -> reduced BP

Augment effect of SSRI-> increased serotonin -> decreased anxiety

38
Q

I should not give Trazodone to patients receiving ________

A

MAO I (selegiline)

39
Q

What are adverse effects of trazodone?

A 
Sedation 
Ataxia 
Priapism 
Cardiac conduction disturbance 
Anxiety 
Aggression
40
Q

What can I use to treat noise phobia in my dog?

A

Trazodone -> potentiate serotonin in CNS -> decrease anxiety

41
Q

What type of drug is Doxepin?

A

TCA/Antihistamine (H1)

42
Q

What is the MOA of Doxepin?

A

Inhibit norepi and serotonin reuptake (antidepressant)

43
Q

Why may I choose Doxepin over clomipramine?

A

Clomipramine has noradrengeric and anticholinergics activity -> more cardiovascular effects

Doxepin moderately inhibits norepi and serotonin -> less potential for cardiovascular effects

44
Q

What behavior modifying drugs has been used to treat allergic dermatitis in canines?

A

Doxepin

Antihistamine effect or CNS effect ?

45
Q

What type of drug would I use to reduce urticaria, pruritus, or reduce the effect of anaphylaxis ?

A

Type 1 receptor antagonist

Dipehyhydramine
Hydroxyzine
Trimeprazine
Loratadine

RUSVM Pharmacology (18 decks)

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