Autacoids Flashcards
Which drug types inhibit Histamine release?
- Cromolyn Na: mast cell stabilizer
- Catecholamines
- Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors
- Glucocorticoids (reduce IgE mediated histamine release from mast cells)
What are some effects of H1 agonists?
- contract smooth muscle in the GI, bronchioles, uterus, large blood vessels
- positive inotrope
T/F. H1 is a dilation receptor.
FALSE. constriction receptor
What are some effects of H2 agonists?
gastric acid secretion, positive inotrope
T/F. A histamine antagonist is the same as an antihistamine.
True
First generation H1 antagonists have a (sedating/non-sedating) effect and (do/do not) cross the BBB.
- sedation effect
- DO cross the BBB
Second generation H1 antagonists have a (sedating/non-sedating) effect and (do/do not) cross the BBB.
- no sedation effect
- do NOT cross the BBB
What is the route of administration of H1 antagonists?
per os
What would you use an H1 antagonist for?
allergies, anaphylaxis, motion sickness, antiemetic
Which H1 antagonist would you use for motion sickness? As an antiemetic?
- motion sickness: Meclizine (Dramamine)
- antiemetic: Diphenhydramine
T/F. H2 Antagonists are prescription only.
False, they are OTC
What is the method of action of H2 antagonists?
competitive antagonists at H2 receptors
they block HCl secretion
Name 4 H2 antagonists.
Cimetidine
Ranitidine
Famotidine
Nizatidine
Which H2 antagonist is used to treat EQUINE MELANOMAS? Why?
Cimetidine d/t immunomodulatory efect
Which 2 H2 antagonists are GI pro kinetics?
Ranitidine, Nizatidine
What are H2 antagonists used to treat, typically?
peptic and duodenal ulcers, gastroesophageal reflux, erosive gastric disease
What is Cisapride?
a Serotonin (5HT) Agonist -5HT4 receptor agonist, prokinetic
How many days does Fluoxetine take to work for aggression? for depression?
Aggression - 4 days
Depression - 3-4 weeks
What is the mode of action of Fluoxetine? What is it typically used to treat?
SSRI (increases serotonin in brain)
it is an antidepressant used for separation anxiety
Cyproheptadine, Ondansetron, Metoclopramide, Mirtazapine are examples of…
Serotonin(5HT) Antagonists
Which drug is used to treat serotonin syndrome in dogs and cats?
Cyproheptadine
Which serotonin antagonist would you use to stimulate appetite?
Cyproheptadine
What is a common function of serotonin antagonists?
antiemetics
Which drug is a SARI (serotonin antagonist repute inhibitor)?
Trazadone (antidepressant)
What does Trazadone do? What is it used for?
- increases serotonin levels in the brain
- extra-label in dogs and cats for anxiety-related problems (blocks alpha receptors and can cause hypotension)
Which drug is a neurokinin antagonist?
Maropitant citrate (Cerenia)
What is the MOA of Cerenia?
blocks NK1 receptors and inhibits release of substance P
What is Cerenia used for? What species?
- prevent acute vomiting d/t motion sickness, viral infection, or chemotherapy
- DOGS ONLY (tablet or injection)
What are 4 cause of renin secretion?
1) decrease BP
2) low RBF
3) decrease in Na and Cl
4) B1 receptor stimulation
Renin is inhibited by… (5)
1) Angiotensin II
2) ADH
3) increased BP
4) increase in Na reabsorption
5) Beta blockers
Losartan is a….
Angiotensin II Antagonist
List 4 ACE inhibitors
Enalapril, Captopril, Lisinopril, Benazepril
What is Misoprostol? What is it used for?
- synthetic prostaglandin E1
- GI cytoprotection and decreases acid secretion –> anti-ulcer drug
What is Latanoprost used for?
used topically on eye to treat open angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension
What is Latanoprost?
Prostaglandin agonist
Galliprant is…
prostaglandin antagonist
Which drugs are PG inhibitors?
- NSAIDs (cyclooxygenase inhibitors)
- corticosteroids (phospholipase A2 inhibitors)
What do you use Galliprant to treat?
osteoarthritis, pain, and inflammation in DOGS
What do leukotriene inhibitors do? What are 2 examples?
prevent bronchoconstriction in bronchial asthma
-Zafirlukast, Zileuton
What are Zafirlukast and Zileuton?
leukotriene inhibitors
Which leukotriene inhibitors is indicated for use in CATS?
Zafirlukast
Which JAK inhibitor did we learn?
Oclacitinib/Apoquel
What is Oclactinib/apoquel used for?
-control puritis associated with allergic dermatitis and atopic dermatitis in dogs over 1 year old
T/F. Apoquel is the drug of choice to treat puritis due to allergic dermatitis.
False. LAST RESORT!
